Ambivalent Sexism towards Women and Acceptance of Rape Myths among University Students

Nisar, Sana; Zafar, Komal; Batool, Iram; Ishfaq, Mehwish; Fatima, Hira; Fatima, Kanwal; Arshad, Rida

doi:10.36348/sjhss.2021.v06i02.007

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Ambivalent sexism (i.e., hostile and benevolent) has been observed cross-culturally (e.g., Pakistan, Turkey, and United States) in past studies (Grubbs et al, 2014;Malatyalı et al, 2017;Nisar, 2021) contributing to sexual double standards. Several studies have suggested that men and women with sexist attitudes particularly hostile sexism are likely to negatively evaluate sexually active individuals.…”

Section: Social Dominance Theory and Sexual Double Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Dominance, Sexual Double Standards, and Violence Against Women in Tight and Loose Cultures

Jamshed

Stewart

Overstreet

2022

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

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Sexual double standards are associated with adverse consequences for women, including violence. However, little research examines sexual double standards across cultures that vary in tight or loose sexuality norms. Therefore, using social dominance theory, this study examined sexual double standards and violence against women in the United States of America (U.S., a loose culture) and Pakistan (a tight culture). We hypothesized that social dominance orientation is associated with violence against women via endorsement of sexual double standards for both the U.S. and Pakistan. We recruited 315 people in total from the U.S. ( N = 169; women = 56.3%; Mage = 29 ± 5.6 years) and Pakistan ( N = 138; women = 73%; Mage = 26 ± 5.3 years). After establishing measurement invariance for our measures, we used structural equation modeling to analyze our theoretical model in two cultural settings. Multigroup path models found support for social dominance theory’s proposition that people higher on social dominance orientation justify violence against women through their endorsement of sexual double standards in both countries, above and beyond more general attitudes toward women (i.e., ambivalent sexism). We also found that the processes (i.e., social dominance and sexual double standards) supporting violence against women are similar in the two countries. A sexual double standard is found to be strong predictor of justification of violence even after controlling for gender, ambivalent sexism, and cultural tightness/looseness for both countries. Discussion focusses on a sexual double standard may be a risk factor for violence against women in different parts of the world.

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Section: Social Dominance Theory and Sexual Double Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Dominance, Sexual Double Standards, and Violence Against Women in Tight and Loose Cultures

Jamshed

Stewart

Overstreet

2022

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

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“…Although Pakistan is known for its adverse sexual behavior towards women, there is very little empirical evidence about the attitudes and beliefs that are connected to it. According to qualitative-descriptive reports, this can be attributed to religion, cultural practices, and psychological factors (Nisar et al 2021). However, there is a lack of research that uses standardized measures that are valid.…”

Section: Rationale For Validation Of the Illinois Rape Myths Acceptan...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Victim blaming, prior history to sexual victimization, support for sexually assaulted friends, and rape myths acceptance as predictors of attitudes towards rape victims in the general population of Pakistan

Kazmi¹,

Tarar

Nasir

et al. 2023

Egypt J Forensic Sci

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Background Individuals who have been sexually assaulted often turn to their friends for comfort and support. Responses to such disclosures vary greatly and may be influenced by prior victimization, the relationship of the disclosure recipient to the accused, and the recipient’s acceptance of rape myths. Moreover, currently there are no studies to date that have validated the Illinois Rape Myths Acceptance Model in Pakistan. Method To gain a better understanding of this phenomenon, the online survey was administered to the general population. Of this sample, 512 (consisting of 312 females and 200 males) reported having received a rape disclosure from a friend. Results The results showed that having lower scores on rape myths acceptance (being less likely to endorse rape myths) was significantly associated with positive attitudes towards rape victims. Similarly, being female, having graduate or above level education, not blaming the victim, having prior history of sexual victimization, offering support for friends experiencing sexual assault, and being liberal were significantly associated with positive attitudes towards rape victims. Additionally, confirmatory factor analysis of the Illinois Rape Myths Acceptance Scale showed acceptable model fit indices and relevance to the Pakistani context. Conclusion In conclusion, it has been assessed through the results that showed that having lower scores on rape myths acceptance (being less likely to endorse rape myths) was significantly associated with positive attitudes towards rape victims. Similarly, being female, having graduate or above level education, not blaming the victim, having prior history of sexual victimization, offering support for friends experiencing sexual assault, and being liberal were significantly associated with positive attitudes towards rape victims. It is further concluded that having experienced sexual victimization leads individuals towards showing empathy to rape victims and thus may influence them to provide support for such victims. The findings further show that Illinois Rape Myths Acceptance is a valid measure for measurement of rape myths in Pakistan as established through the acceptable model fit indices. With the use of validated scales, we could gain a better understanding of rape and the factors related to it, which could be used to inform practices and policy decisions.

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“…Menjalin pernikahan serta membangun keluarga yang harmonis dan bahagia sesuai dengan yang diharapkan merupakan salah satu tujuan hidup yang dipilih oleh orang dewasa. Hal ini juga dianggap sebagai salah satu bentuk pencapaian hidup selain kemampuan dalam pencapaian karir yang digapai oleh individu dewasa (Novita et al, 2019) Adapun yang dimaksud dengan pernikahan adalah ikatan batin antara seorang pria dan seorang wanita sebagai suami istri dengan tujuan membentuk keluarga yang bahagia dan kekal berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa (Santoso, 2016). Berikutnya, pernikahan juga dapat didefinisikan sebagai pola persetujuan sosial yang melibatkan dua orang dalam membentuk suatu keluarga.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Di sebagian besar masyarakat, pernikahan dianggap sebagai cara terbaik untuk memastikan keteraturan dalam membesarkan anak (Novita et al, 2019). Namun pada kenyataannya, tidak semua pasangan suami istri dapat berakhir dengan bahagia, terdapat beberapa pasangan berakhir dengan perceraian.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Studi Kasus: Penerimaan dan Penyesuaian Diri Individu Pasca Perceraian

Komala¹,

Abidin²

2023

psychol.cent.rev.

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Menjalin pernikahan yang harmonis dan bahagia merupakan salah satu tujuan yang ingin dicapai oleh orang dewasa. Namun pada kenyataannya tidak semua pasangan suami istri bisa berakhir bahagia, beberapa diantaranya berakhir dengan perceraian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan penerimaan dan penyesuaian diri orang dewasa pasca perceraian. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus dan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Jumlah peserta yang memenuhi kriteria adalah empat orang yang telah bercerai dan belum menikah lagi. Para partisipan yang bersedia berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini diwawancarai menggunakan wawancara semi terstruktur. Data dari penelitian ini akan dianalisis dengan analisis kualitatif menggunakan analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan proses penerimaan yang dialami oleh partisipan. Partisipan yang memutuskan untuk bercerai melalui proses kesepakatan dengan pasangannya dapat mencapai tahap penerimaan. Sementara itu, partisipan yang bercerai hanya melalui kesepakatan sepihak tidak dapat mencapai penerimaan dan cenderung mengalami pengaruh negatif seperti menarik diri, dan menyalahkan diri sendiri atas perceraiannya. Selanjutnya dalam proses penyesuaian, partisipan mampu mengarahkan diri untuk membingkai kondisi perceraian dengan mengembangkan sikap rasional. Selain itu, peserta juga mencoba untuk mengelola pengaruh negatif yang dialami dengan melakukan hobi dan terhubung dengan komunitas sosial sebagai sumber sistem pendukung dan menggunakan keterampilan pengalaman masa lalu sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi konflik yang dialami setelah perceraian.

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Ambivalent Sexism towards Women and Acceptance of Rape Myths among University Students

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Social Dominance, Sexual Double Standards, and Violence Against Women in Tight and Loose Cultures

Social Dominance, Sexual Double Standards, and Violence Against Women in Tight and Loose Cultures

Victim blaming, prior history to sexual victimization, support for sexually assaulted friends, and rape myths acceptance as predictors of attitudes towards rape victims in the general population of Pakistan

Studi Kasus: Penerimaan dan Penyesuaian Diri Individu Pasca Perceraian

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