“…Extending Glick and Fiske's (1996) two-dimensional understanding of prejudicial attitudes toward women (i.e., ambivalent sexism theory) into the realm of sexual orientation, these 10 jokes can be conceived as examples of hostile vs. benevolent heterosexism. Within this parallel between ambivalent sexism and heterosexism (e.g., Brooks et al, 2020;Massey, 2009Massey, , 2010Walls, 2008), hostile heterosexism corresponds to classic definitions of sexual prejudice and reflects negative attitudes and hostile derogation of gay men, whereas benevolent heterosexism expresses prejudice in more subtle ways. It involves mainly a perpetuation of positive stereotypic characteristics and roles attributed to gay men (e.g., creative, sensitive, friendly, stylish), which resemble positive female sex-typed qualities.…”