“…Research on infertility and childlessness has also given us a way to examine characteristics that may shape the importance of fatherhood in all men's lives (Bulcroft & Teachman, 2004) and has already been adapted to examine the importance of motherhood in women's lives (McQuillan et al, 2008). We group these characteristics into three categories (described below): economic (occupational and leisure), culture and identity (race/ethnicity, religiosity, and gender ideology), and life course/situational (age, marital status, fatherhood status, and infertility) factors.…”