Ambiente ocupacional e o consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre enfermeiros

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the relation between the work environment and psychoactive substance consumption among hospital nurses. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study, involving nurses from three public hospitals in a city in the South of Brazil, being two medium-complexity and one high-complexity institution. The study population consisted of 221 nurses. Based on this figure, the stratified sample size was calculated, considering a 50% proportion, 95% confidence level and 5% maximum error, resulting in a minimum number of 175 participants. Through proportional stratification per institution, a minimum of 103 high-complexity nurses was defined, as well as 36 nurses from each medium-complexity institution. The following inclusion criteria were adopted: having worked at the institution for at least one year and not being on leave. The data were collected between October 2015 and April 2016. In the data collection, sociodemographic and occupational information, the Nursing Work Index -Revised and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. The data were analyzed in the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20.0. Initially, the normality was verified by means of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Descriptive analyses were developed by absolute and relative frequencies for the categorical variables; and medians and dispersion measures for the numerical variables. Results: Alcohol, tobacco and sedatives were the most consumed substances. The monthly income was positively correlated with alcohol consumption among nurses at the medium-complexity hospitals (p=0.01). At the high-complexity hospital, alcohol consumption was negatively correlated with the physician-nurse index (p=0.03). Autonomy, physician-nurse index and organizational support were negatively correlated with the use of sedatives (p<0.01; p<0.01; p=0.02, respectively). Conclusion: The more negative the nurse's work environment, mainly in the relation with physicians, organizational support and autonomy, the greater the consumption of psychoactive substances. ResumoObjetivo: Analisar a relação entre o ambiente de trabalho e o consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre enfermeiros hospitalares. Métodos: Estudo transversal e descritivo, realizado com enfermeiros de três instituições hospitalares públicas localizados em um município da Região Sul do Brasil, sendo duas de média complexidade e uma de alta complexidade. A população deste estudo foi composta por 221 enfermeiros. Com base nesse número, calculou-se o tamanho amostral por estratos, considerando-se a proporção de 50%, nível de confiança de 95% e erro máximo de 5%, o que resultou no número mínimo de 175 participantes. Mediante a estratificação proporcional por instituição definiu-se o mínimo de 103 enfermeiros da alta complexidade e 36 de cada instituição de média complexidade. Adotou-se como critérios de inclusão: trabalhar na instituição há pelo menos um ano e não estar afastado por licença. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre outubro de 2015 e abril de 2...

Autoestima e o consumo de álcool, de tabaco e de outras substâncias em trabalhadores terceirizados

“…In addition, the illicit substances most used by them were marijuana and inhalants. These data are confirmed in other studies, as demonstrated below 16-17 .…”

“…In a study carried out with 403 penitentiary agents with the objective of investigating patterns of alcohol and other drug use in a state in the Northeast of Brazil, it was observed that most of them consumed alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and inhalants 16 . In a study conducted with 185 nurses from three public hospitals in a region of southern Brazil, in order to analyze the relationship between the work environment and the consumption of psychoactive substances among hospital nurses, it was found that these same substances were used at some time in their lives, with alcohol being the most consumed, followed by tobacco products, marijuana, inhalants and sedatives 17 .…”

Diversion of Controlled Drugs in Hospitals: A Scoping Review of Contributors and Safeguards

“…Drug diversion is a patient safety issue, a patient privacy issue (eg, patient records are inappropriately accessed to identify opportunities for diversion), an occupational health issue given the higher risks of opioid-related SUD faced by HCWs, a regulatory compliance issue, and a legal issue. 31,41,46,59,78,98,99 Although individuals are accountable for drug diversion itself, hospitals should take adequate measures to prevent or detect diversion and protect patients and staff from associated harms. Hospitals should pay careful attention to the configuration of healthcare technologies, environments, and processes in their institution to reduce the opportunity for diversion.…”

Prevalence and factors associated with the consumption of psychoactive substances by health care workers

“…Studies show a greater predominance of females in health care work, especially in nursing teams (13) . Regarding the use of PASs, males generally have higher rates use of substances such as alcohol and tobacco, and females, the use of anxiolytics/diazepines and antidepressants (2,7,9,14) . As shown in a study carried out with nurses in the state of Indiana (USA), the results showed greater use of alcohol by men, while the use of opioids was prevalent among women (15) .…”

“…A fact that denotes the lack of expressive statistics on the situation, as well as of effective programs and public policy attention toward this issue (1) . However, research in different regions of the country reveal that the use of PASs by health care professionals is closely related to aspects they experience in their work environments, and that various substances such as alcohol, tobacco, psychotropic drugs and even illicit compositions (marijuana, amphetamines and inhalants), are among the PASs they consume (6)(7)(8)(9) .…”