Ambient Temperature, Air Pollution, and Heart Rate Variability in an Aging Population

Ren, Chao; OʼNeill, Marie S.; Park, Sung Kyun; Sparrow, David; Vokonas, Pantel; Schwartz, Joel

doi:10.1093/aje/kwq477

Cited by 128 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…Exposure to extreme temperatures can act as a trigger for CVD events due to changes in blood pressure, blood viscosity, blood cholesterol, and heart rate. 9,18,19 Cold weather is well known to be associated with a variety of autonomic responses in humans, including peripheral vasoconstriction, shivering, and increased blood pressure and heart rate. In patients suffering from ischemic heart disease, exposure to cold may cause a decrease in coronary blood flow, which could contribute to coronary spasm, chest pain, and even myocardial infarction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,16 Changes in cholesterol levels and the response of autonomic nervous system have been reported to increase CVD events during temperature extremes, which is a particular concern among older adults with limited cardiovascular reserve. [17][18][19] Previous studies have investigated the relative mortality risk of temperature on CVD. [20][21][22] However, this risk is heavily influenced by deaths among elderly persons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Extreme Temperatures on Years of Life Lost for Cardiovascular Deaths: A Time Series Study in Brisbane, Australia

Huang

Barnett²,

Wang³

et al. 2012

Circ: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes

108

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Background— Extreme temperatures are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths. Previous studies have investigated the relative CVD mortality risk of temperature, but this risk is heavily influenced by deaths in frail elderly people. To better estimate the burden of extreme temperatures, we estimated their effects on years of life lost due to CVD. Methods and Results— The data were daily observations on weather and CVD mortality for Brisbane, Australia, between 1996 and 2004. We estimated the association between daily mean temperature and years of life lost due to CVD, after adjusting for trend, season, day of the week, and humidity. To examine the nonlinear and delayed effects of temperature, a distributed lag nonlinear model was used. The model’s residuals were examined to investigate whether there were any added effects due to cold spells and heat waves. The exposure–response curve between temperature and years of life lost was U-shaped, with the lowest years of life lost at 24°C. The curve had a sharper rise at extremes of heat than of cold. The effect of cold peaked 2 days after exposure, whereas the greatest effect of heat occurred on the day of exposure. There were significantly added effects of heat waves on years of life lost. Conclusions— Increased years of life lost due to CVD are associated with both cold and hot temperatures. Research on specific interventions is needed to reduce temperature-related years of life lost from CVD deaths.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Extreme Temperatures on Years of Life Lost for Cardiovascular Deaths: A Time Series Study in Brisbane, Australia

Huang

Barnett²,

Wang³

et al. 2012

Circ: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes

108

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“…Many authors have found that the HRV depends on ambient temperature [25][26][27][28]. Ren et al (2011) showed that higher ambient temperature was associated with decreases in the HRV parameters (standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals, low-frequency power and high-frequency power) during the warm season but not during the cold season [14]. Wu et al (2013) found nonlinear relationships between the temperature and HRV indices in both the warm and cold seasons [29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, all these studies have not taken into account seasonal features of the HRV. Some studies have shown that the HRV parameters vary in different seasons [12][13][14]. We have assumed that in the case of professional groups with varying contact with external…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate variability in workers of various professions in contrasting seasons of the year

Markov

Solonin

Bojko

2016

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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Objectives: It is known that professional occupation affects the heart rate variability (HRV). However, most studies have not taken into account seasonal features of the HRV. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the HRV differences in winter and in summer in the case of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM) workers and scientific workers from the Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Material and Methods: The short-term HRV was examined for 13 EMERCOM workers and 13 scientific workers. The data was collected in winter (December) and summer (July) for the same groups of workers. The time domain and frequency domain HRV analyses were performed. The EMERCOM workers had more contact with the external environment than the scientific workers. Results: The two-way analysis of variance with repeated observations on a single factor has shown that "Season" and interaction of two factors "Season" and "Profession" significantly influenced the HRV among volunteers. The "Profession" factor did not influence the HRV parameters (except for the heart rate in winter, p = 0.042). Seasonal changes in the HRV parameters were not significant in the case of scientific workers. In contrast, the EMERCOM workers showed significantly decreased parameters of parasympathetic activity (the root-mean-square of successive differences in RR intervals, percentage of consecutive RR intervals differing by > 50 ms and the relative value high frequency power, p = 0.001, p = 0.014 and p = 0.009, respectively) and increased parameters of sympathetic activity (the stress index and ratio of low-frequency power to high-frequency power, p = 0.012 and p = 0.006, respectively) in winter as compared to summer. Conclusions: The results of our study indicate that, unlike the scientific workers, the EMERCOM workers showed significant changes in the HRV in contrasting seasons (winter and summer). A season of a year should be considered when assessing the HRV among workers of various professions. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(5):793-800

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“…Heart rate variability was most reduced when both temperature and ozone were high in the Boston Normative Aging Study. 118 In Wuhan, China, where the average daily temperature in July is 37.2°C and the maximum daily temperature often exceeds 40°C, investigators found that increases in PM 10 increased the risk of mortality resulting from cardiovascular disease and stroke and that increased temperature increased susceptibility to particle-related mortality. 119 In this study, elevated levels of NO 2 and SO 2 (but not ozone) were also associated with increased mortality.…”

Section: Temperature Pollution and Cardiovascular Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights Into Pollution and the Cardiovascular System

Gold

Mittleman

2013

Circulation

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Figure.Odds ratio of ischemic stroke onset for US Environmental Protection Agency categories (good and moderate) of mean ambient fine particulate matter air pollution (PM 2.5 ) levels in the 24 hours preceding stroke onset. Error bars indicate 95% confidence interval. Reproduced from Wellenius et al 5 with permission from the publisher. The increased risk was greatest within 12 to 14 hours of exposure. Update, 2010 to 2012: Cardiac Arrhythmia, Arrhythmia Precursors, and PollutionEvidence continues to be mixed for associations between pollution and documented cardiac arrhythmias or electrophysiological changes such as repolarization abnormalities that may increase the risk of arrhythmias. Even more so than studies of stroke, ascertainment of the timing of the onset of the outcome and the specific electrophysiological nature of the outcome can be challenging to ascertain without personal monitoring, which is absent in studies of administrative data sets, which often report null findings. 6 In their recent review, Link and Dockery 7 concluded that "the incremental risk of air pollution in triggering arrhythmias… is greatest for patients with underlying cardiac disease." A London study examined associations of 11 pollutants with activation of implanted cardioverter-defibrillators, finding mostly weak associations with the elevation of a number of secondary regional pollutants, the strongest of which was the nontraffic particle component sulfate. 8 Increases in premature ventricular counts, atrial fibrillation/flutter, and its precedent, P-wave complexity, were associated with increased PM 2.5 in the previous 1 to 2 hours in a Pennsylvania study of 105 middle-aged healthy nonsmokers with 24-hour ECG and personal particle monitoring.9,10 Ghio et al 11 presented a case report of new-onset atrial fibrillation that occurred 20 minutes into a controlled exposure to concentrated ambient particles and resolved within 2 hours with no sequella. In studies of vulnerable populations who have personal electrophysiological monitoring, ozone has also been considered a risk factor for arrhythmias. An increase in the maximum ozone level predicted increases in bradycardia and apnea in high-risk infants on home monitors. 12Controlled human exposure to 1-hour exposures of diesel exhaust did not influence heart rhythm or variability in a UK study.13 Increased spatial dispersion of myocardial repolarization, but not T-wave alternans, was seen after controlled human exposures to concentrated ambient particles, ozone, or a combination of the 2 exposures.14 Increases in long-term estimated residential PM 2.5 predicted increased odds of QT prolongation without overt ventricular abnormalities in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). 15 Two recent studies (the Table) also suggest acute effects of O 3 on repolarization abnormalities in sensitive subjects. 16,17 Update, 2010 to 2012: Cardiovascular Effects of the Coarse (PM 10-2.5 ) or Ultrafine (<0.1 μm) Fractions of PM 10 Findings on cardiovascular health effects of coarse or ultr...

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Ambient Temperature, Air Pollution, and Heart Rate Variability in an Aging Population

Cited by 128 publications

References 54 publications

Effects of Extreme Temperatures on Years of Life Lost for Cardiovascular Deaths: A Time Series Study in Brisbane, Australia

Effects of Extreme Temperatures on Years of Life Lost for Cardiovascular Deaths: A Time Series Study in Brisbane, Australia

Heart rate variability in workers of various professions in contrasting seasons of the year

New Insights Into Pollution and the Cardiovascular System

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