Ambient concentrations of airborne endotoxin in two cities in the interior of British Columbia, Canada

Allen, J.M.; Bartlett, Karen H.; Graham, Mark; Jackson, Peter L.

doi:10.1039/c0em00235f

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Moderate temperature and relative humidity may be most conducive to the growth of gram-negative bacteria. 51,52 The present study showed positive relationships between temperature at the nearest monitoring station and the outdoor endotoxin concentrations in PM 2.5 and PM 10-2.5 . However, in mixed-effects models, the relationships between temperature and indoor endotoxin concentrations in PM 2.5 and PM 10-2.5 were not significant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Thus, there is no consensus on the associations of endotoxin concentrations with temperature and humidity. Moderate temperature and relative humidity may be most conducive to the growth of gram‐negative bacteria . The present study showed positive relationships between temperature at the nearest monitoring station and the outdoor endotoxin concentrations in PM 2.5 and PM 10‐2.5 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

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Airborne endotoxin concentrations in indoor and outdoor particulate matter and their predictors in an urban city

2017

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Endotoxins are an important biological component of particulate matter and have been associated with adverse effects on human health. There have been some recent studies on airborne endotoxin concentrations. We collected fine (PM 2.5 ) and coarse (PM 10-2.5 ) particulate matter twice on weekdays and weekends each for 48 hour, inside and outside 55 homes in an urban city in Japan. Endotoxin concentrations in both fractions were measured using the kinetic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay. The relationships between endotoxin concentrations and household characteristics were evaluated for each fraction. Both indoor and outdoor endotoxin concentrations were higher in PM 2.5 than in PM 10-2.5 . In both PM 2.5 and PM 10-2.5 , indoor endotoxin concentrations were higher than outdoor concentrations, and the indoor endotoxin concentrations significantly correlated with outdoor concentrations in each fraction (R 2 =0.458 and 0.198, respectively). Indoor endotoxin concentrations in PM 2.5 were significantly higher in homes with tatami or carpet flooring and in homes with pets, and lower in homes that used air purifiers. Indoor endotoxin concentrations in PM 10-2.5 were significantly higher in homes with two or more children and homes with tatami or carpet flooring. These results showed that the indoor endotoxin concentrations were associated with the household characteristics in addition to outdoor endotoxin concentrations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Airborne endotoxin concentrations in indoor and outdoor particulate matter and their predictors in an urban city

2017

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“…This finding is consistent with previous studies that have shown association with these variables. (34,40) In addition, the more frequently the freestall within the dairy is flushed, the lower the endotoxin concentration, as waste products are removed more often, resulting in a decrease in accumulated waste that could contribute to endotoxin. Composting on the dairies increased the endotoxin concentration by as much as 200%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Characterization of Endotoxin Collected on California Dairies Using Personal and Area-Based Sampling Methods

García

Bennett

Tancredi

et al. 2012

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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Endotoxin, found in the cell wall of gram negative bacteria, is an important contributor to the biological activity of agriculture particulate matter (PM). We analyzed endotoxin in PM collected on 13 California dairies and from the breathing zone of 226 workers during the summer months of 2008. Two particle size fractions were measured: PM(2.5) and inhalable PM. Recombinant factor C assays were used to analyze biologically active endotoxin, while gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry in tandem was used to quantify total lipopolysaccharide. Biologically active endotoxin concentrations in the inhalable PM size fraction from area-based samples ranged from 11-2095 EU/m(3) and from 45-2061 EU/m(3) for personal samples. Total endotoxin in the inhalable PM size fraction ranged from 75-10,166 pmol/m(3) for area-based samples and 34-11,689 pmol/m(3) for personal samples. Area-based geometric mean concentrations for biologically active endotoxin and total endotoxin in PM(2.5) and inhalable PM size fractions were 3 EU/m(3), 149 EU/m(3), 60 pmol/m(3), and 515 pmol/m(3), respectively. Personal geometric mean concentrations in the inhalable PM size fraction were 334 EU/m(3), and 1178 pmol/m(3). Biologically active and total endotoxin concentration variation was best explained by meteorological data, wind speed, relative humidity, and dairy waste management practices. Differences in endotoxin concentration and composition were found across locations on the dairy.

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“…Chronic exposure of experimental animals to LPS induces inflammation and other pulmonary lesions commonly seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Korsgren et al ., 2012). LPS is also a well characterized constituent in cigarette smoke (Hasday et al ., 1999) and urban, agricultural and house dust (Burch et al ., 2010; Allen et al ., 2011; Sheehan et al ., 2012), all of which result in daily or repeated exposures and further support the need to understand the unique consequences of co-exposures from infectious agents (e.g. endotoxin) and obesity in the lung.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet-induced obesity reprograms the inflammatory response of the murine lung to inhaled endotoxin

Tilton¹,

Waters²,

Karin³

et al. 2013

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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The co-occurrence of environmental factors is common in complex human diseases and, as such, understanding the molecular responses involved is essential to determine risk and susceptibility to disease. We have investigated the key biological pathways that define susceptibility for pulmonary infection during obesity in diet-induced obese (DIO) and regular weight (RW) C57BL/6 mice exposed to inhaled lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS induced a strong inflammatory response in all mice as indicated by elevated cell counts of macrophages and neutrophils and levels of proinflammatory cytokines (MDC, MIP-1γ, IL-12, RANTES) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Additionally, DIO mice exhibited 50% greater macrophage cell counts, but decreased levels of the cytokines, IL-6, TARC, TNF-α, and VEGF relative to RW mice. Microarray analysis of lung tissue showed over half of the LPS-induced expression in DIO mice consisted of genes unique for obese mice, suggesting that obesity reprograms how the lung responds to subsequent insult. In particular, we found that obese animals exposed to LPS have gene signatures showing increased inflammatory and oxidative stress response and decreased antioxidant capacity compared to RW. Because signaling pathways for these responses can be common to various sources of environmentally induced lung damage, we further identified biomarkers that are indicative of specific toxicant exposure by comparing gene signatures after LPS exposure to those from a parallel study with cigarette smoke. These data show obesity may increase sensitivity to further insult and that co-occurrence of environmental stressors result in complex biosignatures that are not predicted from analysis of individual exposures.

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Ambient concentrations of airborne endotoxin in two cities in the interior of British Columbia, Canada

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Airborne endotoxin concentrations in indoor and outdoor particulate matter and their predictors in an urban city

Airborne endotoxin concentrations in indoor and outdoor particulate matter and their predictors in an urban city

Characterization of Endotoxin Collected on California Dairies Using Personal and Area-Based Sampling Methods

Diet-induced obesity reprograms the inflammatory response of the murine lung to inhaled endotoxin

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