Ambient and personal PM2.5 exposure assessment in the Chinese megacity of Guangzhou

Jahn, Heiko J.; Kraemer, Alexander; Chen, Jiayao; Chan, Chung Yee Zenobia; Engling, Guenter; Ward, Tony

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.04.011

Cited by 56 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In PRD, most urban site PM 2.5 studies were also accompanied with rural site studies (Andreae et al, 2008;Cao et al, 2004Cao et al, , 2012bCui et al, 2015;Duan et al, 2007;Fu et al, 2014;Ho et al, 2006a;Huang et al, 2007Huang et al, , 2014bJahn et al, 2013;Jung et al, 2009;Lai et al, 2007Lai et al, , 2016Liu et al, 2014a;Louie et al, 2005a;Tan et al, 2009Tan et al, , 2016cTao et al, 2009Tao et al, , 2014cTao et al, , 2017Yang et al, 2011b). Although the highest seasonal average PM 2.5 was also observed in winter, the season with the lowest concentration was not consistent between the sites, e.g., in summer in Guangzhou and in spring in Hong Kong.…”

Section: Seasonal Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

et al. 2017

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Abstract. To obtain a thorough knowledge of PM 2.5 chemical composition and its impact on aerosol optical properties across China, existing field studies conducted after the year 2000 are reviewed and summarized in terms of geographical, interannual and seasonal distributions. Annual PM 2.5 was up to 6 times the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in some megacities in northern China. Annual PM 2.5 was higher in northern than southern cities, and higher in inland than coastal cities. In a few cities with data longer than a decade, PM 2.5 showed a slight decrease only in the second half of the past decade, while carbonaceous aerosols decreased, sulfate (SO 2− 4 ) and ammonium (NH + 4 ) remained at high levels, and nitrate (NO − 3 ) increased. The highest seasonal averages of PM 2.5 and its major chemical components were typically observed in the cold seasons. Annual average contributions of secondary inorganic aerosols to PM 2.5 ranged from 25 to 48 %, and those of carbonaceous aerosols ranged from 23 to 47 %, both with higher contributions in southern regions due to the frequent dust events in northern China. Source apportionment analysis identified secondary inorganic aerosols, coal combustion and traffic emission as the top three source factors contributing to PM 2.5 mass in most Chinese cities, and the sum of these three source factors explained 44 to 82 % of PM 2.5 mass on annual average across China. Biomass emission in most cities, industrial emission in industrial cities, dust emission in northern cities and ship emission in coastal cities are other major source factors, each of which contributed 7-27 % to PM 2.5 mass in applicable cities.The geographical pattern of scattering coefficient (b sp ) was similar to that of PM 2.5 , and that of aerosol absorption coefficient (b ap ) was determined by elemental carbon (EC) mass concentration and its coating. b sp in ambient condition of relative humidity (RH) = 80 % can be amplified by about 1.8 times that under dry conditions. Secondary inorganic aerosols accounted for about 60 % of aerosol extinction coefficient (b ext ) at RH greater than 70 %. The mass scattering efficiency (MSE) of PM 2.5 ranged from 3.0 to 5.0 m 2 g −1 for aerosols produced from anthropogenic emissions and from 0.7 to 1.0 m 2 g −1 for natural dust aerosols. The mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of EC ranged from 6.5 to 12.4 m 2 g −1 in urban environments, but the MAE of water-soluble organic carbon was only 0.05 to 0.11 m 2 g −1 . Historical emission control policies in China and their effectiveness were discussed based on available chemically resolved PM 2.5 data, which provides the much needed knowledge for guiding future studies and emissions policies.

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Section: Seasonal Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

et al. 2017

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“…In contrary to the extensive attention towards outdoor PM 2.5 pollution, only a little attention has been paid to PM 2.5 pollution in indoor air. Considering the general facts that there exists a significant difference in air quality between indoor and outdoor, and people spend the majority of their time indoors (Jahn et al, 2013), monitoring and improving the indoor air quality is even more important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Relationships between Indoor and Outdoor PM2.5 in Beijing: A Residential Apartment Case Study

Han

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In order to understand the characteristics and relationships between indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 during the heating period of 2014 in Beijing, the investigation of PM 2.5 and associated species including organic and elemental carbon (OC/EC), water soluble ions, metal elements and trace organic matter (OM) were undertaken at a residential apartment. The average PM 2.5 concentration was 55.2 ± 47.3 µg m -3 for indoor and 100.4 ± 82.1 µg m -3 for outdoor, and the indoor PM 2.5 was found to be mainly from outdoors. OM and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 were the dominated components of PM 2.5 , accounted for 71.5% in indoor PM 2.5 and 52.4% in outdoor PM 2.5 , followed by fine soil and NH 4 NO 3 (23.7% and 27.9%). The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentration was 187.3 ng m -3 and 387.0 ng m -3 , and the phthalic acid esters (PAEs) concentration reached 1054.2 ng m -3 and 515.3 ng m -3 , for indoor and outdoor, respectively. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) only existed indoors (5.5 ng m -3 ). HCB and most PAEs in indoor PM 2.5 were dominated by indoor sources whereas other species were greatly influenced by outdoor sources especially during the pollution period.

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“…The overall average P/A ratios of OC and EC were greater than unity (3.89 and 1.39, respectively). PM 2.5 and EC P/A ratios > 1 were reported in other studies (Williams et al, 2000;Noullett et al, 2006;Jahn et al, 2013). It was calculated that residents in Hong Kong (personal activities data retrieved from a 40 subjects survey) spent an average of 71.5% (± 24.5%) and 71.5% (± 23.3%) of their daily time at home for students and office workers, respectively.…”

Section: Relationship Between Personal Exposure and Ambient Concentramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, epidemiological studies are based on ambient air quality data collected from outdoor stationary monitoring sites. However, people spend most of their time in indoor microenvironments (> 85%) at urbanized areas (Williams et al, 2000;Jahn et al, 2013); the adverse health effects of PM 2.5 may not only be caused by ambient origin particles but also indoor pollutants (Cao et al, 2005;Baumgartner et al, 2011). In modern day individual's PM 2.5 exposures and their relationships with the corresponding ambient concentrations have been studied in many developed countries (Janssen et al, 1998;Williams et al, 2000;Noullett et al, 2006;Johannesson et al, 2007) and a few Chinese cities (Du et al, 2010;Jahn et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Outdoor and Personal Exposure of Carbonaceous Species and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) at Hong Kong

Fan

Chen

Lui

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Personal and ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) samples were simultaneously collected at Hong Kong during winter in 2014. Mass concentration, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) relationships were analyzed. The correlations of personal and ambient concentrations of PM 2.5 , OC, and EC indicated the ambient concentrations were the factors showing influences on the personal exposures. Personal to ambient (P/A) ratios in PM 2.5 , OC, and EC were all > 1, suggesting influences between indoor sources and/or personal activities. Significant higher ambient ΣPAHs concentrations with P/A ratios were nevertheless < 1. The Σ15 U.S. EPA priority PAHs accounted for 50.6% and 70.8% of ΣPAHs in personal and ambient samples, respectively. The ratios of indicator compounds confirmed the origin of PAHs in personal PM 2.5 , which were found to be associated predominantly with traffic emissions and the influence by the indoor sources.

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Ambient and personal PM2.5 exposure assessment in the Chinese megacity of Guangzhou

Cited by 56 publications

References 46 publications

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

Characteristics and Relationships between Indoor and Outdoor PM2.5 in Beijing: A Residential Apartment Case Study

Relationships between Outdoor and Personal Exposure of Carbonaceous Species and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) at Hong Kong

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Ambient and personal PM2.5 exposure assessment in the Chinese megacity of Guangzhou

Cited by 56 publications

References 46 publications

A review of current knowledge concerning PM&lt;sub&gt;2. 5&lt;/sub&gt; chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

A review of current knowledge concerning PM&lt;sub&gt;2. 5&lt;/sub&gt; chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

Characteristics and Relationships between Indoor and Outdoor PM2.5 in Beijing: A Residential Apartment Case Study

Relationships between Outdoor and Personal Exposure of Carbonaceous Species and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) at Hong Kong

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A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China