Ambient-air-stable inorganic Cs2SnI6double perovskite thin filmsviaaerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition

Ke, Jack Chun-Ren; Lewis, David J.; Walton, Alex S.; Spencer, Ben F.; O’Brien, Paul; Thomas, Andrew G.; Flavell, Wendy R.

doi:10.1039/c8ta03133a

Cited by 96 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Beyond spin‐coating method, the deposition of halide double perovskites in vacuum vapor form is expected to yield films with improved morphology. For example, Ke et al fabricated high quality Cs 2 SnI 6 thin films using an aerosol‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) technique . Macroscopic defects such as pinholes were obviously reduced with the addition of hydroiodic (HI) acid in precursor solution.…”

Section: Materials Preparation Of Halide Double Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These features are favorable for PV application. Although there are some conflicting reports on the room temperature carrier mobility of Cs 2 SnI 6 , the origin of conductivity in this compound has been hypothesized to stem from (a) the possession of dispersive conduction band states and (b) the presence of iodine vacancies …”

Section: Optoelectronic Properties Of Halide Double Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Processes such as the addition or nonaddition of HI, aging, and deposition conditions can create deficiencies and impurities, which can in turn influence the bandgap, carrier concentration, and mobility of the material. The signs of inherent defect‐tolerance observed in Cs 2 SnI 6 have motivated an exploration of materials that are insensitive to charge localization due to intrinsic defects . This is the key to realizing high‐performance devices.…”

Section: Optoelectronic Properties Of Halide Double Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress of Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskites

Igbari

Wang

Liao

2019

Advanced Energy Materials

379

305

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Although impressive performance has been obtained, PSCs are still far from commercial or real-life availability due to serious issues such as toxicity [15,16] and poor stability to heat, [17] oxygen, [18] moisture, [19,20] electric field, [21] and light. [18,22] The toxic nature of hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites has been traced to the presence of Pb in its chemical composition. [15,16,[23][24][25] Pb 2+ readily dissolves in water (e.g., rain water) to form a toxic solution capable of causing serious environmental pollution, harmful to human beings and the ecosystem. Besides their sensitivity to moisture, oxygen, light, electric field, or thermal stress, an existing self-degradation pathway [26,27] is also a big issue in hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites. Mixed-halide and mixed-cation perovskites have been investigated to address these issues. [28][29][30][31][32] The group IV elements, tin (Sn) [23,[33][34][35] and germanium (Ge), [34,36] have been employed as the replacements for Pb. However, the device performance through this approach has fallen short of the Pb-based ones. For example, the PCEs reported for Sn-based perovskite solar cells are usually less than 10%. [23,[33][34][35][37][38][39][40] In addition, the easy oxidation of Sn and Ge from the +2 state to the +4 state due to their high energy 5s and 4s orbitals makes them less promising for application in stable and long-term PSCs. [41] High throughput calculations also demonstrate that these substitutions are likely to compromise the ideal optoelectronic properties of MAPbI 3 . [42,43] Furthermore, low dimensional (e.g., 2D, 1D, and 0D) perovskites have also been used to address the stability issues in PSCs. [44][45][46][47][48] Recently, a stabilized PCE of 21.7% resulting from a 2D/3D bilayer PSC was reported. [49] However, the highest certified PCE in a 2D-only planar PSC is 15.3%, [50] which is far below that of their 3D perovskite-based counterparts. It thus stimulates the interest to develop new classes of materials which can solve the issues of toxicity and stability while still maintaining the fascinating properties of lead-based perovskite materials.Recent theoretical calculations demonstrate that a halide double perovskite structure, A 2 B′B″X 6 , which could be formed through a replacement of two toxic Pb 2+ in the crystal lattice with a pair of nontoxic heterovalent (i.e., monovalent and trivalent) metal cations, is a promising alternative to realize high-performance, lead-free, and stable PSCs. [51,52] Although, spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency (SLME) calculations revealed an efficiency limit less than 8% for the most prominent member www.advancedsciencenews.com double perovskites with a vacancy ordered structure. [88] In particular, the unit cell axis of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 is given to be ≈11.25 Å, [25] which is two times larger than that of MAPbBr 3 (≈5.92 Å). [89] Both Ag + and Bi 3+ occupy the B-site of the crystal lattice with slightly varied metal-halide bond lengths. The dissimilar bond lengths st...

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Section: Materials Preparation Of Halide Double Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optoelectronic Properties Of Halide Double Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optoelectronic Properties Of Halide Double Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress of Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskites

Igbari

Wang

Liao

2019

Advanced Energy Materials

379

305

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“…Nevertheless, this material itself constitutes a more air stable candidate than its non-oxidized counterpart. 25 It has been previously used as a hole transport layer (HTL) in dye-sensitized solar cells, 26,27,28 and also used as nanowires 29 or quantum rods. 30 Several synthesis methods have been employed for its preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Characterization of Lead-Free Cs₂SnI₆ Double Perovskite Fabricated from Degraded and Reconstructed CsSnI₃ Films

López-Fraguas

Masi

Mora‐Seró

2019

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Halide perovskites have experienced a huge development in the past years, but they still have two major challenges for their massive implantation: the long-term stability and the use of lead. One of the most obvious lead-free candidates to replace these perovskites is CsSnI 3 but, due to its poor environmental stability, it has been discarded for the fabrication of stable devices. Nevertheless, ambient degradation of CsSnI 3 and ulterior reconstruction produces relatively stable lead-free Cs 2 SnI 6 double perovskite with interesting optical properties that have not been deeply characterized previously. In this work, the potentiality of the optical properties of Cs 2 SnI 6 is studied and compared with the most common halide perovskite, CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MAPbI 3). The Cs 2 SnI 6 films stayed in standard atmosphere during a week without showing any signs of degradation. They also demonstrated better reflective behavior than MAPbI 3 and higher absorption in the 650 nm and 730 nm spectral range, making this material interesting for the development of photodetectors in this region. This study demonstrates that Cs 2 SnI 6 is a promising material for photo-devices, as it highlights its main characteristics and optical parameters, giving an original view on the use of the double perovskite, but at the same time emphasizing the need to improve the electrical properties for the development of efficient optoelectronic devices.

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“…Cesium iodostannate(IV) has promising optoelectronic properties (electron mobility up to 509 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ; Guo et al, 2017; J SC = 13.97 mA cm −2 ; V OC = 0.58 V; E g = ∼1.2 eV) (Kaltzoglou et al, 2016), which makes it a candidate as a light-harvesting material in SCs. Mixed cations A + ((A x A 1−x ) 2 BX 6 ) (Ganesan et al, 2019) and anions (Lee et al, 2017;Ke et al, 2018;Yuan et al, 2019;Zhu W. et al, 2019) were considered to improve stability and properties of Cs 2 SnX 6 . Upon replacement of Cl − by I − , the optical absorption coefficient increases, the bandgap decreases, stability decreases, and the materials color changes from pale yellow (or white) to black.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indium Doping of Lead-Free Perovskite Cs2SnI6

et al. 2020

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Structure and properties of an inorganic perovskite Cs 2 SnI 6 demonstrated its potential as a light-harvester or electron-hole transport material; however, its optoelectronic properties are poorer than those of lead-based perovskites. Here, we report the way of light tuning of absorption and transport properties of cesium iodostannate(IV) Cs 2 SnI 6 via partial heterovalent substitution of tin for indium. Light absorption and optical bandgaps of materials have been investigated by UV-vis absorption and photoluminescent spectroscopies. Low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to study the kind of paramagnetic centers in materials.

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Ambient-air-stable inorganic Cs₂SnI₆double perovskite thin filmsviaaerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition

Abstract: Air-stable caesium tin iodide double perovskite (Cs2SnI6) thin films have been fabricatedviaaerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD).

Cited by 96 publications

References 62 publications

Progress of Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskites

Progress of Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskites

Optical Characterization of Lead-Free Cs₂SnI₆ Double Perovskite Fabricated from Degraded and Reconstructed CsSnI₃ Films

Indium Doping of Lead-Free Perovskite Cs2SnI6

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Ambient-air-stable inorganic Cs2SnI6double perovskite thin filmsviaaerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition

Abstract: Air-stable caesium tin iodide double perovskite (Cs2SnI6) thin films have been fabricatedviaaerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD).

Cited by 96 publications

References 62 publications

Progress of Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskites

Progress of Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskites

Optical Characterization of Lead-Free Cs2SnI6 Double Perovskite Fabricated from Degraded and Reconstructed CsSnI3 Films

Indium Doping of Lead-Free Perovskite Cs2SnI6

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Ambient-air-stable inorganic Cs₂SnI₆double perovskite thin filmsviaaerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition

Optical Characterization of Lead-Free Cs₂SnI₆ Double Perovskite Fabricated from Degraded and Reconstructed CsSnI₃ Films