Ambient air pollution of territories of children preschool institutions by emissions of vehicle components and health of children population

Abstract

The aim of this study was the assessment of levels of pollution of territories of preschool educational institutions (PEI) by components of vehicle emissions, in dependence on their locations relatively to highways with different traffic load and, in this regard, the assessment of children health according to the incidence on the seeking medical advice. To achieve this goal there were solved following tasks: to assess air pollution levels of PEI territories by components of vehicle emissions; to evaluate levels and the structure of morbidity rate according to seeking medical advice by children attending observed PEI. In the article there is presented the evaluation of air pollution levels of the components of vehicle emissions territories 4 PEI of the city of Irkutsk located near to highways with different intensity the road transport load. The research results were obtained with the use of «Methodics for the determination vehicle emissions for summary calculations of ambient air pollution in cities», which allows to determine the maximum emissions of a moving vehicle per time unit (g/s) for the main combustion components and with following use of software «Superhighway -city» to calculate surface concentrations of considered pollutants in the surface ambient air layer (1 m) in MPC proportions. The highest levels of contamination on the content of nitric oxide and benzo- (a)-pyrene (4 and 6,5 MPC respectively) are registered in the territories adjacent to the PEI motorways with high load tracking. To assess the morbidity rate according to seeking medical advice by children attending PEI with different road transport load there were used records from outpatient medical cards «Medical card of the child» (f.112/y). Morbidity rate according to seeking medical advice was evaluated in dynamics throughout five years and calculated per 1000 cases. The total sample size accounted for 670 children. The highest morbidity incidence rate levels according both to seeking medical advice and the class of respiratory diseases were recorded in PEI located in close proximity to the highway with a high load of vehicle transport.