Ambient Air Pollution and Socioeconomic Status in China

Wang, Yuzhou; Wang, Yafeng; Xu, Hao; Zhao, Yaohui; Marshall, Julian

doi:10.1289/ehp9872

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Regional differences exist in the interactions on respiratory mortality. For cardiovascular mortality, the disparities in interactions between regions may be explained by the environmental inequalities that could lead to disproportionate exposure to air pollutants and extreme temperatures for people in higher-middle income regions in China 64 , which differs from the U.S. 65 . The high-ranked average daily temperatures, PM 2.5 concentrations, vehicle ownership, population density, and gross domestic product in middle Jiangsu may explain the highest synergistic effects on cardiovascular mortality in hot seasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interactive effects of extreme temperatures and PM2.5 pollution on mortalities in Jiangsu Province, China

Zhou¹,

Wang²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Exposure to extreme temperatures or fine particles is associated with adverse health outcomes but their interactive effects remain unclear. We aimed to explore the interactions of extreme temperatures and PM2.5 pollution on mortalities. Based on the daily mortality data collected during 2015–2019 in Jiangsu Province, China, we conducted generalized linear models with distributed lag non-linear model to estimate the regional-level effects of cold/hot extremes and PM2.5 pollution. The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was evaluated to represent the interaction. The relative risks (RRs) and cumulative relative risks (CRRs) of total and cause-specific mortalities associated with hot extremes were significantly stronger (p < 0.05) than those related to cold extremes across Jiangsu. We identified significantly higher interactions between hot extremes and PM2.5 pollution, with the RERI range of 0.00–1.15. The interactions peaked on ischaemic heart disease (RERI = 1.13 [95%CI: 0.85, 1.41]) in middle Jiangsu. For respiratory mortality, RERIs were higher in females and the less educated. The interaction pattern remained consistent when defining the extremes/pollution with different thresholds. This study provides a comprehensive picture of the interactions between extreme temperatures and PM2.5 pollution on total and cause-specific mortalities. The projected interactions call for public health actions to face the twin challenges, especially the co-appearance of hot extremes and PM pollution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interactive effects of extreme temperatures and PM2.5 pollution on mortalities in Jiangsu Province, China

Zhou¹,

Wang²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Education attainment in this study was measured as an interval variable ranging from 1 to 5. The education level is 1 (illiterate), 2 (sishu/home school and below), 3 (elementary school), 4 (middle school), and 5 (high school or above) ( 28 ); A higher score was indicative of higher education attainment ( 29 ). The net post-tax income for each household was calculated based on the household income (shared by the sample individuals in the same household).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Households’ total annual income includes wages, bonus incomes, or pensions from household members, as well as income from agricultural, self-employed activities, public transfer, and other types of transferred sources (such as parents, children, and relatives). We calculated household per capita income by dividing total household income by the number of members in the household ( 28 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of socioeconomic position with sensory impairment among Chinese population: a nationally representative cohort and Mendelian randomization study

Wei,

Zhou,

Abuduxukuer

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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AimsTo investigate the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and sensory impairments (SIs).MethodsWe used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) (2015). Logistic regressions estimated the odds ratio for associations of SEP with SIs. In addition, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to assess the causal relationship between them with the inverse variance weighting (IVW) estimator. MR-Egger, simple median, weighted median, maximum likelihood, and robust adjusted profile score were employed for sensitivity analyses.ResultsIn the observational survey, we enrolled 19,690 individuals aged 45 and above. SEP was negatively associated with SIs. Adjusted odds of vision impairment were higher for illiterate (1.50; 95%CI: 1.19, 1.91), less than elementary school diploma (1.76; 95%CI: 1.39, 2.25), middle school diploma (1.53; 95%CI: 1.21, 1.93) and lower income (all p < 0.001). The odds of hearing impairment were significantly higher for people with less than a high school diploma than those with a college degree or higher diploma, for agricultural workers than non-agricultural workers, and for people in low-income families (p < 0.01). The MR analysis also showed that occupation was associated with HI (1.04, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.09, p < 0.05) using IVW.ConclusionWe found that both observational and causal evidence supports the theory that SEP can result in SIs and that timely discovery, targeted management, and education can prevent SIs among middle-aged and older adults.

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“…To our knowledge, this is the first study to estimate the long-term health impact of EC across China. Our estimates provide a great opportunity to advance the understanding of air pollution and health equity in China (Wang et al 2022). Unlike the US has well-documented the health impact of a broad list of air pollutants over different regions, few studies exist for China because the current policy designation does not contain a clear description of the concept of health equity (Wang et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric elemental carbon pollution and its regional health disparities in China

Hang,

Meng,

et al. 2023

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Previous studies have reported that atmospheric elemental carbon (EC) may pose potentially elevated toxicity when compared to total ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, most research on EC has been conducted in the US and Europe, whereas China experiences significantly higher EC pollution levels. Investigating the health impact of EC exposure in China presents considerable challenges due to the absence of a monitoring network to document long-term EC levels. Despite extensive studies on total PM2.5 in China over the past decade and a significant decrease in its concentration, changes in EC levels and the associated mortality burden remain largely unknown. In our study, we employed a combination of satellite remote sensing, available ground observations, machine learning techniques, and atmospheric big data to predict ground EC concentrations across China for the period 2005–2018, achieving a spatial resolution of 10 km. Our findings reveal that the national average annual mean EC concentration has remained relatively stable since 2005, even as total PM2.5 levels have substantially decreased. Furthermore, we calculated the all-cause non-accidental deaths attributed to long-term EC exposure in China using baseline mortality data and pooled mortality risk from a cohort study. This analysis unveiled significant regional disparities in the mortality burden resulting from long-term EC exposure in China. These variations can be attributed to varying levels of effectiveness in EC regulations across different regions. Specifically, our study highlights that these regulations have been effective in mitigating EC-related health risks in first-tier cities. However, in regions characterized by a highconcentration of coal-power plants and industrial facilities, additional efforts are necessary to control emissions. This observation underscores the importance of tailoring environmental policies and interventions to address the specific challenges posed by varying emission sources and regional contexts.

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Ambient Air Pollution and Socioeconomic Status in China

Cited by 38 publications

References 105 publications

The interactive effects of extreme temperatures and PM2.5 pollution on mortalities in Jiangsu Province, China

The interactive effects of extreme temperatures and PM2.5 pollution on mortalities in Jiangsu Province, China

Association of socioeconomic position with sensory impairment among Chinese population: a nationally representative cohort and Mendelian randomization study

Atmospheric elemental carbon pollution and its regional health disparities in China

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