Ambient air hydrocarbon concentrations in Florida

Lonneman, William A.; Seila, Robert L.; Bufalini, Joseph J.

doi:10.1021/es60140a010

Cited by 70 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This -66-source, air concentrations in this region would have to be about 1-2 ng/l air (K ~ 0.34). This value may be compared with the 3-5 ng/l air measured near Cape Cod (chapter 4) and in rural areas of Florida (Lonneman et al, 1978). On the other hand, a phytoplankton source cannot be ruled out.…”

Section: Specific Volatiles; C2-benzenesmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Several investigators have reported between i and 40 ng individuaIC2-and C3-benzenes/l-urban-air (Grob and Grob, 1971;Altshuller et al" 1971;Ciccioli et al, 1976). Lonneman et al (1978) have found 0.2-4 ng/l-air in regions of Florida, including the Everglades. If air parcels with these concentrations were equilibrated wi th coas tal seawater, water levels of 0.3-120 ng/kg-seawa ter would result.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-141-Many workers have attributed aromatic hydrocarbons in air to automobile exhaust, based on the composition similarity of air and exhaust samples, and on the spatial and temporal covariations of high compound concentrations and dense traffic Grob, 1971, 1974;Altshuller et al, 1971;Lonneman et al, 1978).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volatile organic compounds in seawater

Gschwend¹

1979

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Section: Specific Volatiles; C2-benzenesmentioning

confidence: 88%

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confidence: 99%

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Volatile organic compounds in seawater

Gschwend¹

1979

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“…The most widely used sampling vessels are plastic bags (often Teflon, Tedlar or aluminized Tedlar) and glass or stainless-steel containers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Polymer bags are probably the least expensive sample containers but in general the contamination levels due to outgassing of the contamer matenal are substantIal.…”

Section: Whole-air Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling of organic volatiles in the atmosphere at moderate and low pollution levels

Rudolph¹,

Müller²,

Koppmann³

1990

Analytica Chimica Acta

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Several techntques are avatlable for measunng organic volattles m the atmosphere. For measurements at low and moderate pollUtlon levels (between several p.g m-3 and a fraction of a p.g m-3 ), the eXIstmg methods can be adopted to a broad range of different compounds. Whole-atr samphng m stamless-steel containers With metal bellows valves combmed With subsequent gas chromatograpluc separatIOn after preconcentratlon 10 the laboratory IS probably the best procedure for low and medium molecular Weight trace gases of moderate or low polanty and reasonable cherrncal stability (e.g., hydrocarbons and halocarbons). For orgamc compounds of lower volatility, adsorptlve samphng on non-polar porous orgaruc polymers (e.g, Tenax) and thermal desorptlon combmed WIth cryotrappmg and gas chromatograpluc separation of the sampled compounds IS Widely used However, there are often substantial problems due to artefact formatIOn or loss reactIOns Owmg to the generally larger sample volumes, these problems are even more pronounced for sorptlve samphng techntques combmed with sample recovery by solvent extraction. Unfortunately, the general understandmg of the vanous processes of sample degradatlon due to cherrncal reactlons of reactlve components of the atmosphere With each other or WIth the sorbent IS not yet suffiCient to allow reasonable estlmates of the extent of such mterferences Without elaborate test procedures. Keywords. Au, Samplmg procedures; Extractlon, Orgamc volatdesThe demand for accurate, reliable and sensitive techniques for the monitoring of organic trace constituents in the atmosphere has increased tremendously in the recent past. The reasons include not only a growing concern for the quality of the environment but also the realization that atmosphenc pollution is not only a local problem. At the same time, the number of different organic compounds which are emitted into the atmosphere has been rising steadily. Further, it has been recognized that several substances which had been considered harmless can pose serious hazards to the enVIronment. There is a broad range of techniques for the determination of organic compounds at trace levels wmch are sufficiently sensitive and selective. Chromatography (predominantly LC and GC) is the most widely used method and allows the identification and quantification of organic compounds in sub-nanogram amounts. With few exceptions, the analysis itself is carried out in the laboratory, which means that the sample has somehow to be transported to the laboratory. For many kinds of environmental measurements, representative and contamination-or lossfree sampling often requires substantial efforts and iD general air is one of the most difficult environmenal media for sampling. The problems are easy to understand but difficult to solve. Sample contamers for air are not only more complicated than those for solid or liquid material but also, owing to the low density of air, the volume which has to be collected for an analysis for trace components is generally larger than that for...

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“…Many studies have been done for atmospheric nonmethane hydrocarbons from the ocean (Rudolph and Enhalt, 1981;Donahue and Prinn, 1993), urban area (Uno et al, 1985;Seinfeld, 1989), rural area (Lonneman et al, 1978), polar regions (Blake et al, 1992) and tropical areas (Zimmerman et al, 1988). There are many sources that emit hydrocarbons such as engines, biomass burning and the ocean (Rudolph, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of atmospheric nonmethane hydrocarbons from the oil and gas field area in Niigata and areas without oil and gas fields in Ibaraki and Gunma in Japan, May and June 1995

Igari

2004

Geochem. J.

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Ambient air hydrocarbon concentrations in Florida

Cited by 70 publications

References 4 publications

Volatile organic compounds in seawater

Volatile organic compounds in seawater

Sampling of organic volatiles in the atmosphere at moderate and low pollution levels

Comparison of atmospheric nonmethane hydrocarbons from the oil and gas field area in Niigata and areas without oil and gas fields in Ibaraki and Gunma in Japan, May and June 1995

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