Amazonia

Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; Cherem, Luís Felipe Soares; Toni, Fabiano; Guimarães, Felipe Silva; Bayer, Maximiliano

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04333-9_9

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…According to interviewees, rains are more torrential and unpredictable in the summer and less rain is occurring during some winters than it did in the past. The cold spells, which are times when the air temperature decreases and winds rise, are associated with polar air masses that expand along the Andes (Bueno et al 2019; Junk and Krambeck 2000), with one to three days of strong winds accompanied by a drop in temperature below 20 °C (Junk and Krambeck 2000). However, cold spells are reported to have become less intense or shorter than before.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Management Strategies of Local Communities in Two Amazonian Floodplain Ecosystems in the Face of Extreme Climate Events

Ávila

Clement

Junqueira

et al. 2021

Journal of Ethnobiology

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In Amazonia, changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events are occurring and expected to intensify, affecting food security with subsequent social and political problems. We conducted semi-structured interviews in communities of the mid-Solimões River basin (Amazonas, Brazil). Our questions were designed to construct seasonal calendars with residents (ribeirinhos) to understand climatic patterns and changes in livelihood activities, how traditional management is affected by extreme floods and droughts, and to identify their adaptation strategies in new climatic contexts. We studied three floodplain (várzea, n = 59 households) and three paleo-floodplain communities, situated 1–3 m higher than the floodplain (paleovárzea, n = 42 households). We show that these local communities have detailed knowledge of climate patterns and changes, and that they recognize that climatic unpredictability hinders effective planning of subsistence activities because their local knowledge is no longer fully reliable. Extreme climate events have consequences for their farming systems and associated agrobiodiversity, varying according to the degree of exposure of different environments to extreme events. During extreme events, ribeirinhos intensify adaptation strategies, such as avoiding stress to fruit-tree root systems, prioritizing plants that survive flooding, and working in less affected landscapes. Adaptation practices with long histories tend to occur more often in floodplains, and two adaptation practices were specific to floodplains. The impacts of extreme events on local communities are expected to increase, especially in environments more exposed to floods. Local residents suggest the documentation and sharing of adaptation strategies as a way to increase their resilience.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Management Strategies of Local Communities in Two Amazonian Floodplain Ecosystems in the Face of Extreme Climate Events

Ávila

Clement

Junqueira

et al. 2021

Journal of Ethnobiology

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“…However, as we saw here, their potential to survive in warmer conditions could be affected. Even though the annual temperature range in the Amazon rainforest is between 22 and 28 °C, studies have shown an increase of 0.18 °C per decade in the Earth's average temperature since 1981, leading to each year warmer scenarios as well as the most extreme one we tested here (44). For the other species, both P. dubium and C. fissilis were able to grow in control but produced much more dry matter with the addition of ADE (Figure 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Amazonian dark earths enhance the establishment of tree species in forest ecological restoration

Freitas,

Zagatto,

Rocha

et al. 2023

Front. Soil Sci.

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IntroductionDeforestation of areas for agriculture and cattle breeding is the leading cause of ecological degradation and loss of biodiversity. The solution to mitigate these damages relies on techniques that improve soil health and the microbial quality of these degraded areas. Here, we demonstrate that the high nutrient and microbiological contents of Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE) can promote the development of trees used in ecological restoration projects.MethodsWe used degraded soil from crops as control and ADE from the Central Amazon to conduct the experiment, using 20% of ADE as inoculum in degraded agricultural soil. Our goal was to assess whether a small amount of ADE could promote changes that improve plant development similar to its growth under a 100%ADE. We simulated conversion from pasture to forest restoration area by planting U. brizantha in all pots. After 60 days, we removed it and planted Cecropia pachystachya, Peltophorum dubium, and Cedrela fissilis.ResultsOur results demonstrated that both 20%ADE and 100%ADE treatments increased pasture productivity and, consequently, soil carbon stock. Also, in these treatments, P. dubium and C. fissilis had better growth and development, with 20%ADE plants showing a performance similar to those planted in 100%ADE. Both 20%ADE and 100%ADE showed similar numbers of taxa, being significantly higher than in the control soil.DiscussionThe 20%ADE was sufficient to increase significantly the microbial richness in the soil, providing several beneficial microorganisms to all tree species such as Pedomicrobium, Candidatus Nitrososphaera, and members of Paenebacillaceae. Nevertheless, C. pachystachya, a common pioneer tree in the Amazonian Forest showed a small response even to 100%ADE with a corresponding lower taxa number than the other two species. In conclusion, we point out that microbial structure remains very similar among plants but dissimilar among treatments, highlighting the role of ADE as an enhancer of plant development and beneficial microbiota enrichment in the rhizosphere. The use of 20%ADE was sufficient to alter the microbial community. Therefore, we believe our data could contribute to speeding up forest restoration programs by adopting new biotechnological approaches for forest restoration ecology.

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Adaptations of Pre-Columbian Manioc Storage Techniques as Strategies to Adapt to Extreme Climatic Events in Amazonian Floodplains

Ávila

Amaral²,

Steward³

et al. 2022

Hum Ecol

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Amazonia

Cited by 5 publications

References 54 publications

Adaptive Management Strategies of Local Communities in Two Amazonian Floodplain Ecosystems in the Face of Extreme Climate Events

Adaptive Management Strategies of Local Communities in Two Amazonian Floodplain Ecosystems in the Face of Extreme Climate Events

Amazonian dark earths enhance the establishment of tree species in forest ecological restoration

Adaptations of Pre-Columbian Manioc Storage Techniques as Strategies to Adapt to Extreme Climatic Events in Amazonian Floodplains

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