Amazon soil charcoal: Pyrogenic carbon stock depends of ignition source distance and forest type in Roraima, Brazil

Carvalho, Lidiany Camila da Silva; Fearnside, Philip M.; Nascimento, Marcelo Trindade; Barbosa, Reinaldo Imbrózio

doi:10.1111/gcb.14277

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Similarly, Nascimento et al (1997) used this species to divide the Maracá ecotone zone into three forest types: (i) PRF ( Peltogyne -rich Forest) or forests monodominate with P. gracilipes , (ii) FWP (Forest without Peltogyne ) or types where this species do not occur and (iii) PPF ( Peltogyne -poor Forest), which are mixed types with low P. gracilipes abundance. The three types correspond analogously to the Deciduous Seasonal Forest (= PRF), Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (= PPF) and Open Ombrophilous Forest (= FWP) of the Brazilian Vegetation Classification System (Brazil-IBGE 2012), all with distinct hydro-edaphic and topographic characteristics (Carvalho et al 2018). These forest types definitions have enhanced the understanding of variation in biomass/carbon stocks estimates for the Maracá Island (Nascimento et al 2007, Nascimento et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floristic composition in ecotone forests in northern Brazilian Amazonia: preliminary data

Silva¹,

Villacorta²,

Perdiz³

et al. 2019

BDJ

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BackgroundEcotone has been defined as “a multi-dimensional environmentally stochastic interaction zone between ecological systems with characteristics defined in space and time, and by the strength of the interaction” (Hufkens et al. 2009). This is a known concept to define transitional zones between two or more ecological communities, ecosystems or biotic regions. Ecotone forests, dispersed in northern Brazilian Amazonia, are natural formations which have been largely affected by anthropogenic impacts, such as deforestation and fire. Maracá Ecological Station, State of Roraima, Brazil, is a protected area with extensive representations of ecotone forests in this region of the Amazonia. Forest inventories and floristic surveys are important as they extend our knowledge (1) of forest structure and tree species composition and (2) of tree and palm species ecology in this region of the Amazonia. Both improve our ability to predict changes in plant diversity, considering the future scenarios of climate change in comparison with previous surveys performed in Maracá.New informationWe present a forest inventory carried out in 129 plots (10 m x 50 m; 6.45 ha in total) dispersed in a grid (5 km x 5 km) located in a forest zone ecotone in the eastern part of Maracá Ecological Station. All stems (tree + palm) with diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm were recorded, identified and measured. A total of 3040 stems were recorded (tree = 2815; palm = 225), corresponding to 42 botanic families and 140 identified species. Seven families and 20 genera contained unidentified taxa (12.2%). Sapotaceae (735 stems; 10 species), Leguminosae (409; 24) and Rubiaceae (289; 12) were the most abundant families. Peltogyne gracilipes Ducke (Leguminosae), Pradosia surinamensis (Eyma) T.D.Penn. (Sapotaceae) and Ecclinusa guianensis Eyma (Sapotaceae) were the species with the highest importance value index (~ 25%). The dominance (m2 ha-1) of these species corresponds to > 36% of the total value observed in the forest inventory. Our dataset provides complementary floristic and structure information on tree and palm in Maracá, improving our knowledge of this Amazonian ecotone forest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floristic composition in ecotone forests in northern Brazilian Amazonia: preliminary data

Silva¹,

Villacorta²,

Perdiz³

et al. 2019

BDJ

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“…Overall, fire ignition caused by humans in the study region seems to be accidental. Settlements of Pre-Columbian and modern populations until the late 1970s in northern Amazonia also showed a much higher amount of pyrogenic soil carbon in the region close to human occupation (< 3 km distance) than in more distant regions (Carvalho et al, 2018). These findings suggest that igapós in remote areas have a low probability of burning.…”

Section: Fire Ignition In Igapósmentioning

confidence: 81%

Fires in Amazonian Blackwater Floodplain Forests: Causes, Human Dimension, and Implications for Conservation

Carvalho

Wittmann

Piedade

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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The Amazon basin is being increasingly affected by anthropogenic fires, however, most studies focus on the impact of fires on terrestrial upland forests and do not consider the vast, annually inundated floodplains along the large rivers. Among these, the nutrient-poor, blackwater floodplain forests (igapós) have been shown to be particularly susceptible to fires. In this study we analyzed a 35-year time series (1982/1983–2016/2017) of Landsat Thematic Mapper from the Jaú National Park (Central Amazonia) and its surroundings. Our overall objective was to identify and delineate fire scars in the igapó floodplains and relate the resulting time series of annual burned area to the presence of human populations and interannual variability of regional hydroclimatic factors. We estimated hydroclimatic parameters for the study region using ground-based instrumental data (maximum monthly temperature–Tmax, precipitation–P, maximum cumulative water deficit–MCWD, baseflow index–BFI, minimum water level–WLmin90 of the major rivers) and large-scale climate anomalies (Oceanic Niño Index–ONI), considering the potential dry season of the non-flooded period of the igapó floodplains from September to February. Using a wetland mask, we identified 518,135 ha of igapó floodplains in the study region, out of which 17,524 ha (3.4%) burned within the study period, distributed across 254 fire scars. About 79% of the fires occurred close to human settlements (<10 km distance), suggesting that human activities are the main source of ignition. Over 92.4% of the burned area is associated with El Niño events. Non-linear regression models indicate highly significant relationships (p < 0.001) with hydroclimatic parameters, positive with Tmax (R2adj. = 0.83) and the ONI (R2adj. = 0.74) and negative with P (R2adj. = 0.88), MCWD (R2adj. = 0.90), WLmin90 (R2adj. = 0.61) and BFI (R2adj. = 0.80). Hydroclimatic conditions were of outstanding magnitude in particular during the El Niño event in 2015/2016, which was responsible for 42.8% of the total burned floodplain area. We discuss these results under a historical background of El Niño occurrences and a political, demographic, and socioeconomic panorama of the study region considering the past 400 years, suggesting that disturbance of igapós by fires is not a recent phenomenon. Concluding remarks focus on current demands to increase the conservation to prevent and mitigate the impacts of fire in this vulnerable ecosystem.

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“…Maracá is located in an area of climatic transition between the Köppen-classification subtypes Aw and Am, where rainfall and average annual temperature are 2086 mm and 26 °C, respectively (Couto-Santos et al 2014). The rainy season (> 300 mm month -1 ) occurs mainly between May and August, while the driest period is between December and March (< 100 mm month -1 - Carvalho et al 2018).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Amazon forest biomass: intra- and interspecific variability in wood density drive divergences in Brazil’s far north

Farias¹,

Pequeno²,

Silva³

et al. 2023

iForest

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Wood density (WD) is an important functional trait of tree species. Understanding spatial WD variability as a function of environmental determinants improves our ability to estimate carbon stocks in the woody biomass of tropical forests. However, the role of each environmental variable affecting the intra-and interspecific variability of WD is not entirely clear for most forest ecosystems. In Amazonia there are recurrent uncertainties in estimates of regional woody biomass. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of environmental conditions on the intra-and interspecific variability of WD for tree assemblages in forests of the northern Brazilian Amazon. A single sample was extracted from each of 680 individuals (108 species, 82 genera, 38 families; stem diameter ≥10 cm) dispersed among 129 plots distributed along a hydro-edaphic gradient. General community-averaged WD (0.703 ± 0.133 g cm -3 ; range: 0.203 to 1.102 g cm -3 ) was high in relation to other Amazonian areas because 62% of the species and 69% of the sampled individuals had high WD values (>0.650 g cm -3 ). Altitude (a proxy for drainage), clay and soil micronutrient content explained 23% of the spatial variation in WD. Partitioning WD variation into species-substitution (turnover) and intraspecific-variation components slightly increased the explanatory power to 26%. The analysis of interspecific variability showed that forests occurring in seasonally flooded areas are characterized by tree assemblages with species tolerant to P-poor soils, where mean WD (0.742 g cm -3 ) is about 4% higher than the mean (0.713 g cm -3 ) for tree assemblages on unflooded uplands where soils have less limitations from nutrient poverty. Our results represent an improvement in the estimates of biomass because they promote adjustments (1.4%-16.3%) to the previous estimates of woody biomass in the northern Brazilian Amazon forests considering different environmental conditions.

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Amazon soil charcoal: Pyrogenic carbon stock depends of ignition source distance and forest type in Roraima, Brazil

Cited by 16 publications

References 41 publications

Floristic composition in ecotone forests in northern Brazilian Amazonia: preliminary data

Floristic composition in ecotone forests in northern Brazilian Amazonia: preliminary data

Fires in Amazonian Blackwater Floodplain Forests: Causes, Human Dimension, and Implications for Conservation

Amazon forest biomass: intra- and interspecific variability in wood density drive divergences in Brazil’s far north

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