Amazon flood wave hydraulics

Trigg, Mark A.; Wilson, Matthew; Bates, Paul; Horritt, M. S.; Alsdorf, Douglas; Forsberg, Bruce R.; Vega, M. C.

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.06.004

Cited by 167 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We utilised the hydrodynamic model of Wilson et al (2007) and Trigg et al (2009) for the same reach of the Amazon. We used this model to generate water-surface elevation truth images for a 22-month period comprising more than a full flood cycle (Fig.…”

Section: Virtual Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where Q is the volumetric flow rate in the channel, A the cross-sectional area of the flow, P is the wetted perimeter (approximated by channel width), n is the Manning friction coefficient, S 0 is the channel bed slope, q is the lateral flow into and out of the channel, y is the channel depth, x is the distance along the river and t is time (Trigg et al, 2009). Note that S 0 is written so that it is greater than zero in the usual case where the bed elevation decreases in the downstream direction.…”

Section: Virtual Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Swath-altimetry measurements of the main stem Amazon River: measurement errors and hydraulic implications

Wilson

Durand

Jung

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission, scheduled for launch in 2020, will provide a step-change improvement in the measurement of terrestrial surface-water storage and dynamics. In particular, it will provide the first, routine two-dimensional measurements of water-surface elevations. In this paper, we aimed to (i) characterise and illustrate in two dimensions the errors which may be found in SWOT swath measurements of terrestrial surface water, (ii) simulate the spatio-temporal sampling scheme of SWOT for the Amazon, and (iii) assess the impact of each of these on estimates of water-surface slope and river discharge which may be obtained from SWOT imagery. We based our analysis on a virtual mission for a ∼ 260 km reach of the central Amazon (Solimões) River, using a hydraulic model to provide water-surface elevations according to SWOT spatio-temporal sampling to which errors were added based on a two-dimensional height error spectrum derived from the SWOT design requirements. We thereby obtained water-surface elevation measurements for the Amazon main stem as may be observed by SWOT. Using these measurements, we derived estimates of river slope and discharge and compared them to those obtained directly from the hydraulic model. We found that cross-channel and along-reach averaging of SWOT measurements using reach lengths greater than 4 km for the Solimões and 7.5 km for Purus reduced the effect of systematic height errors, enabling discharge to be reproduced accurately from the water height, assuming known bathymetry and friction. Using cross-sectional averaging and 20 km reach lengths, resultsshow Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency values of 0.99 for the Solimões and 0.88 for the Purus, with 2.6 and 19.1 % average overall error in discharge, respectively. We extend the results to other rivers worldwide and infer that SWOT-derived discharge estimates may be more accurate for rivers with larger channel widths (permitting a greater level of cross-sectional averaging and the use of shorter reach lengths) and higher water-surface slopes (reducing the proportional impact of slope errors on discharge calculation).

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Section: Virtual Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virtual Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swath-altimetry measurements of the main stem Amazon River: measurement errors and hydraulic implications

Wilson

Durand

Jung

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Trigg et al (2009) analyzed the characteristics of flood waves and conducted hydraulic modeling for reaches of the central Amazon Basin. They demonstrated that it was necessary to account for backwater effects and the diffusion wave method was valid for modeling the Amazon flood waves.…”

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confidence: 99%

Modeling surface water dynamics in the Amazon Basin using MOSART-Inundation v1.0: impacts of geomorphological parameters and river flow representation

Luo

Leung

et al. 2017

Geosci. Model Dev.

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Abstract. In the Amazon Basin, floodplain inundation is a key component of surface water dynamics and plays an important role in water, energy and carbon cycles. The Model for Scale Adaptive River Transport (MOSART) was extended with a macroscale inundation scheme for representing floodplain inundation. The extended model, named MOSART-Inundation, was used to simulate surface hydrology of the entire Amazon Basin. Previous hydrologic modeling studies in the Amazon Basin identified and addressed a few challenges in simulating surface hydrology of this basin, including uncertainties of floodplain topography and channel geometry, and the representation of river flow in reaches with mild slopes. This study further addressed four aspects of these challenges. First, the spatial variability of vegetationcaused biases embedded in the HydroSHEDS digital elevation model (DEM) data was explicitly addressed. A vegetation height map of about 1 km resolution and a land cover dataset of about 90 m resolution were used in a DEM correction procedure that resulted in an average elevation reduction of 13.2 m for the entire basin and led to evident changes in the floodplain topography. Second, basin-wide empirical formulae for channel cross-sectional dimensions were refined for various subregions to improve the representation of spatial variability in channel geometry. Third, the channel Manning roughness coefficient was allowed to vary with the channel depth, as the effect of riverbed resistance on river flow generally declines with increasing river size. Lastly, backwater effects were accounted for to better represent river flow in mild-slope reaches. The model was evaluated against in situ streamflow records and remotely sensed Envisat altimetry data and Global Inundation Extent from Multi-Satellites (GIEMS) inundation data. In a sensitivity study, seven simulations were compared to evaluate the impacts of the five modeling aspects addressed in this study. The comparisons showed that representing floodplain inundation could significantly improve the simulated streamflow and river stages. Refining floodplain topography, channel geometry and Manning roughness coefficients, as well as accounting for backwater effects had notable impacts on the simulated surface water dynamics in the Amazon Basin. The understanding obtained in this study could be helpful in improving modeling of surface hydrology in basins with evident inundation, especially at regional to continental scales.

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“…friction depth-averaged). The work of Wilson et al, (2007) and Trigg et al, (2009) on the Amazon, indicate that 2D models can be constructed for extremely long reaches (285 km reach of Amazon). The model used for their study was LISFLOOD-FP which can be integrated within a Geographical Information System (GIS) framework .…”

Section: Numerical Modelling Methodology For Downscalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural land management impacts on catchment scale flood risk

Pattison¹

2010

Role of Hydrology in Managing Consequences of a Changing Global Environment

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The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source• a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses• the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Most approaches to this problem aim to upscale from individual grid cells to whole catchments, something that restricts the complexity of possible process representation, produces models that may not be parsimonious with the data needed to calibrate them and, faced with data uncertainties, provides computational limitations on the extent to which model uncertainty can be fully explored. Rather than upscaling to problems of concern, this thesis seeks to downscale from locations of known flood risk, as a means of identifying where land use management changes might be beneficial and then uses numerical modelling to identify the kinds of management changes required in those downscaled locations. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to test an approach to understanding the impacts of rural land management upon flood risk based upon catchment-to-source downscaling.This thesis uses the case study of the River Eden catchment (2400 km 2 ) as a test (1) it was shown to have a significant impact on downstream flood risk; and (2) it had range of data and information needed for modelling land use changes.The second part of this thesis explored the land management scenarios that could be used to reduce flood risk at the catchment scale. The scenarios to be tested were determined through a stakeholder participation approach, whereby workshops were held to brainstorm and prioritise land management options, and then to identify specific locations within the Eamont sub-catchment where they could tested. There were two main types of land management scenarios chosen: (1) landscape-scale changes, including afforestation and compaction; and (2) corresponding to a 5.8% decrease in peak discharge. A key conclusion is that land management practices have been shown to have an effect on catchment scale flooding, even for extreme flood events. However, the effect of land management scenarios are both spatially and temporally dependent i.e. the same land management practice has different effects depending on where it is implemented, and when implemented in the same location has different effects on different flood events.

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Amazon flood wave hydraulics

Cited by 167 publications

References 34 publications

Swath-altimetry measurements of the main stem Amazon River: measurement errors and hydraulic implications

Swath-altimetry measurements of the main stem Amazon River: measurement errors and hydraulic implications

Modeling surface water dynamics in the Amazon Basin using MOSART-Inundation v1.0: impacts of geomorphological parameters and river flow representation

Rural land management impacts on catchment scale flood risk

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