Amaranthus caudatus extract inhibits the invasion of E. coli into uroepithelial cells

Mohanty, Soumitra; Zambrana, Silvia; Dieulouard, Soizic; Kamolvit, Witchuda; Nilsén, Vera; Gonzales, Eduardo; Östenson, Claes‐Göran; Brauner, Annelie

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.003

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The MIC obtained for aqueous and ethanolic extracts suggested that harvest from control soil had the highest inhibitory effect on the bacteria listed for this experiment; particularly E. coli where MIC value was 2.5mg/mL in ethanolic extract. This agrees with previous studies by 35,36 that A. caudatus prevents infection caused by uropathogenic E. coli by decreasing the invasive and adhesive capacities of bacterial cells It was further observed that antibacterial effect of aqueous extracts was less than ethanol samples except in harvests from control soil (pre-flowering), clayey loam and sandy-clayey loam soils (flowering) where similar MIC of 5 mg/mL was recorded for P. aeruginosa and S. pyogenes. Candida species are major pathogens responsible for fungal infections in the human bloodstream.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Toxicity and Antimicrobial Activities of Amaranthus caudatus L. (Amaranthaceae) Harvested From Formulated Soils at Different Growth Stages

Jimoh

Afolayan

Lewu

2020

J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med

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This study examined the toxicity and antimicrobial effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts from Amaranthus caudatus grown on soils formulated from parent particles of silt, sand and clay in a glasshouse. Four different soils namely; sandy clay loam, loam, clayey loam and silty clay loam from were formulated were used for cultivation with the unfractionated soil which was the control. Crude extracts obtained from the plant shoots harvested at different growth stages were tested on some certain gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and some fungi via agar dilution assay. The toxicity of the water and ethanol extracts was also examined via Artemia salina assay and the level of lethality was measured against Clarkson’s lethality scale. All aqueous samples, as well as ethanol extracts of flowering and pre-flowering harvests of control soil tested, were non-toxic (LC50 > 1 mg/mL). At post flowering, the ethanolic extracts were highly toxic mostly in clayey loam, control, sandy-clayey loam soils (LC50 < 0.5 mg/mL). Also, antifungal effects of the plant revealed that extracts inhibited the growth of Candida albicans significantly with mild effect on Candida glabrata, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium aurantiogriseum suggesting that the plant is a promising pharmacological candidate in the treatment of candidiasis. For an optimal yield of non-toxic supplement for household consumption which may also serve as pharmacological precursors, clayey loam soil is recommended for cultivation and harvesting may occur at pre-flowering or flowering stage using ethanol and water as solvents of extraction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Toxicity and Antimicrobial Activities of Amaranthus caudatus L. (Amaranthaceae) Harvested From Formulated Soils at Different Growth Stages

Jimoh

Afolayan

Lewu

2020

J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med

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“…However, by blocking bacterial adhesion to the host cell, L. mutabilis efficiently prevents infection [16]. The decreased adhesion is due to downregulation of the cell surface protein, uroplakin1a, which is pivotal for the initiation of bacterial infections in the urinary tract; this is similar to our earlier finding where two other plant extracts, Clinopodium bolivianum and Amaranthus caudatus , also decreased the adhesion and invasion by downregulating uroplakin1a [10, 17]. On the contrary, no effect was observed on caveolin 1 or β 1 integrin, both of them associated with invasion to host cells [16], supporting the assumption that L. mutabilis pretreatment solely acts on bacterial adherence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Lupinus mutabilis Edible Beans Protect against Bacterial Infection in Uroepithelial Cells

Kamolvit

Nilsén

Zambrana

et al. 2018

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Lupinus mutabilis is a South American herb with edible beans, known to reduce serum glucose levels in diabetic patients. Furthermore, L. mutabilis contains phytochemicals known to decrease bacterial load. Based on the increased urinary tract infections experienced among patients with diabetes, we investigated the effect of L. mutabilis on bladder epithelial cells in the protection of E. coli infection during normal and high glucose concentrations. We did not observe any direct antibacterial effect by L. mutabilis extract. Instead we observed an influence on the host cells, with indirect impact on bacteria and their possibility of causing infection. L. mutabilis extract decreased adhesion to bladder epithelial cells of uropathogenic bacteria, including drug-resistant strains. Moreover, uroplakin1a, involved in adhesion, was downregulated while the antimicrobial peptide RNase 7 was upregulated in L. mutabilis treated cells irrespectively of glucose concentration. This supports an early effect fighting bacteria. Additionally, L. mutabilis prevented bacterial biofilm formation, which is used by bacteria to evade the immune system and antibiotics. In summary, L. mutabilis protects against bacterial infection in uroepithelial cells by preventing adhesion through alteration of the cell surface, increasing antimicrobial peptide expression, and reducing biofilm formation. Together, this promotes bacterial clearance, suggesting that L. mutabilis as extract or as a dietary item can contribute to the prevention of urinary tract infections, which is of importance in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance.

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“…Extracts from a variety of medicinal plants, including Citrus reticulata Blanco (mandarin seeds), Amaranthus caudatus (a flowering plant that thrives in temperatetropical areas), Clinopodium bolivianum (an aromatic shrub from the Andes region of South America), and Lactuca indica (Vietnamese dandelion) have been shown to inhibit both UPEC adherence to and invasion of bladder cells in vitro (115)(116)(117)(118). Like cranberry, these plants are rich in phenolic compounds (117,(119)(120)(121)(122), but the specific extract components that inhibit UPEC entry into BECs were not defined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Phenolics Inhibit Focal Adhesion Kinase and Suppress Host Cell Invasion by UropathogenicEscherichia coli

Lewis,

Richards,

Mendez

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Traditional folk treatments for the prevention and management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other infectious diseases often include plants and plant extracts that are rich in phenolic and polyphenolic compounds. These have been ascribed a variety of activities, including inhibition of bacterial interactions with host cells. Here we tested a panel of four well-studied phenolic compounds – caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), resveratrol, catechin, and epigallocatechin gallate – for effects on host cell adherence and invasion by uropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC). These bacteria, which are the leading cause of UTIs, can bind and subsequently invade bladder epithelial cells via an actin-dependent process. Intracellular UPEC reservoirs within the bladder are often protected from antibiotics and host defenses, and likely contribute to the development of chronic and recurrent infections. Using cell culture-based assays, we found that only resveratrol had a notable negative effect on UPEC adherence to bladder cells. However, both CAPE and resveratrol significantly inhibited UPEC entry into the host cells, coordinate with attenuated phosphorylation of the host actin regulator Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK, or PTK2) and marked increases in the numbers of focal adhesion structures. We further show that the intravesical delivery of resveratrol inhibits UPEC infiltration of the bladder mucosa in a murine UTI model, and that resveratrol and CAPE can disrupt the ability of other invasive pathogens to enter host cells. Together, these results highlight the therapeutic potential of molecules like CAPE and resveratrol, which could be used to augment antibiotic treatments by restricting pathogen access to protective intracellular niches.IMPORTANCEUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are exceptionally common and increasingly difficult to treat due to the ongoing rise and spread of antibiotic resistant pathogens. Furthermore, the primary cause of UTIs, uropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC), can avoid antibiotic exposure and many host defenses by invading the epithelial cells that line the bladder surface. Here we identified two plant-derived phenolic compounds that disrupt activation of the host machinery needed for UPEC entry into bladder cells. One of these compounds (resveratrol) effectively inhibited UPEC invasion of the bladder mucosa in a mouse UTI model, and both phenolic compounds significantly reduced host cell entry by other invasive pathogens. These findings suggest that select phenolic compounds can be used to supplement existing antibacterial therapeutics by denying uropathogens shelter within host cells and tissues, and help explain some of the benefits attributed to traditional plant-based medicines.

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Amaranthus caudatus extract inhibits the invasion of E. coli into uroepithelial cells

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Toxicity and Antimicrobial Activities of Amaranthus caudatus L. (Amaranthaceae) Harvested From Formulated Soils at Different Growth Stages

Toxicity and Antimicrobial Activities of Amaranthus caudatus L. (Amaranthaceae) Harvested From Formulated Soils at Different Growth Stages

Lupinus mutabilis Edible Beans Protect against Bacterial Infection in Uroepithelial Cells

Plant Phenolics Inhibit Focal Adhesion Kinase and Suppress Host Cell Invasion by UropathogenicEscherichia coli

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