Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly

Galvão, Márcia G Alves; Santos, Marilene Augusta Rocha Crispino; Cunha, Antonio JL Alves da

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002745.pub4

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 211 publications

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“…After the discovery of amantadine, rimantadine and a number of amantadine derivatives were later synthesized (300, 301), but they did not reach the market, except for amantadine and rimantadine. Despite their approval for adult patients, amantadine and rimantadine do not contribute to the prevention, treatment, or reduced duration of influenza A virus infection in children and the elderly (302). Because of widespread resistance, amantadine has virtually been abandoned in the treatment of influenza infections (303).…”

Section: Amantadine and Rimantadinementioning

confidence: 99%

Approved Antiviral Drugs over the Past 50 Years

2016

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SUMMARYSince the first antiviral drug, idoxuridine, was approved in 1963, 90 antiviral drugs categorized into 13 functional groups have been formally approved for the treatment of the following 9 human infectious diseases: (i) HIV infections (protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, entry inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues), (ii) hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections (lamivudine, interferons, nucleoside analogues, and acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues), (iii) hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections (ribavirin, interferons, NS3/4A protease inhibitors, NS5A inhibitors, and NS5B polymerase inhibitors), (iv) herpesvirus infections (5-substituted 2′-deoxyuridine analogues, entry inhibitors, nucleoside analogues, pyrophosphate analogues, and acyclic guanosine analogues), (v) influenza virus infections (ribavirin, matrix 2 protein inhibitors, RNA polymerase inhibitors, and neuraminidase inhibitors), (vi) human cytomegalovirus infections (acyclic guanosine analogues, acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues, pyrophosphate analogues, and oligonucleotides), (vii) varicella-zoster virus infections (acyclic guanosine analogues, nucleoside analogues, 5-substituted 2′-deoxyuridine analogues, and antibodies), (viii) respiratory syncytial virus infections (ribavirin and antibodies), and (ix) external anogenital warts caused by human papillomavirus infections (imiquimod, sinecatechins, and podofilox). Here, we present for the first time a comprehensive overview of antiviral drugs approved over the past 50 years, shedding light on the development of effective antiviral treatments against current and emerging infectious diseases worldwide.

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Section: Amantadine and Rimantadinementioning

confidence: 99%

Approved Antiviral Drugs over the Past 50 Years

2016

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“…Surgical masks as physical barriers were also found to be an effective preventative intervention ( 3 ). Antiviral drugs such as Tamiflu can have a prophylactic effect ( 4 , 5 ), although possible side effects and the obligation to not medicate unnecessarily make this intervention something that should only be considered by those at high risk of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bad News: Analysis of the Quality of Information on Influenza Prevention Returned by Google in English and Italian

2015

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Information available to the public influences the approach of the population toward vaccination against influenza compared with other preventative approaches. In this study, we have analyzed the first 200 websites returned by searching Google on two topics (prevention of influenza and influenza vaccine), in English and Italian. For all the four searches above, websites were classified according to their typology (government, commercial, professional, portals, etc.) and for their trustworthiness as defined by the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) score, which assesses whether they provide some basic elements of information quality (IQ): authorship, currency, disclosure, and references. The type of information described was also assessed to add another dimension of IQ. Websites on influenza prevention were classified according to the type of preventative approach mentioned (vaccine, lifestyle, hygiene, complementary medicine, etc.), whether the approaches were in agreement with evidence-based medicine (EBM) or not. Websites on influenza vaccination were classified as pro- or anti-vaccine, or neutral. The great majority of websites described EBM approaches to influenza prevention and had a pro-vaccine orientation. Government websites mainly pointed at EBM preventative approaches and had a pro-vaccine orientation, while there was a higher proportion of commercial websites among those which promote non-EBM approaches. Although the JAMA score was lower in commercial websites, it did not correlate with the preventative approaches suggested or the orientation toward vaccines. For each of the four search engine result pages (SERP), only one website displayed the health-of-the-net (HON) seal. In the SERP on vaccines, journalistic websites were the most abundant category and ranked higher than average in both languages. Analysis using natural language processing showed that journalistic websites were mostly reporting news about two specific topics (different in the two languages). While the ranking by Google favors EBM approaches and, in English, does not promote commercial websites, in both languages it gives a great advantage to news. Thus, the type of news published during the influenza season probably has a key importance in orienting the public opinion due to its high visibility. This raises important questions on the relationships between health IQ, trustworthiness, and newsworthiness.

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“…Alicyclic amines/aminoadamantanes amantadine and rimantadine, first described in 1985 as M2 protein blockers ( [60]; H + channel/viroporin; only type A viruses), are not recommended anymore for clinical use (WHO/US), due to rapid induction of viral resistance mutations: 100% of clinical isolates are resistant. A 2014 Cochrane review found no evidence for efficacy or safety of amantadine for the treatment of influenza A [6]. However, their structures may still be useful as scaffolds for the design of future M2 inhibiting drugs.…”

Section: Orthomyxoviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

Antivirals in medical biodefense

et al. 2020

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The viruses historically implicated or currently considered as candidates for misuse in bioterrorist events are poxviruses, filoviruses, bunyaviruses, orthomyxoviruses, paramyxoviruses and a number of arboviruses causing encephalitis, including alpha-and flaviviruses. All these viruses are of concern for public health services when they occur in natural outbreaks or emerge in unvaccinated populations. Recent events and intelligence reports point to a growing risk of dangerous biological agents being used for nefarious purposes. Public health responses effective in natural outbreaks of infectious disease may not be sufficient to deal with the severe consequences of a deliberate release of such agents. One important aspect of countermeasures against viral biothreat agents are the antiviral treatment options available for use in post-exposure prophylaxis. These issues were adressed by the organizers of the 16th Medical Biodefense Conference, held in Munich in 2018, in a special session on the development of drugs to treat infections with viruses currently perceived as a threat to societies or associated with a potential for misuse as biothreat agents. This review will outline the state-of-the-art methods in antivirals research discussed and provide an overview of antiviral compounds in the pipeline that are already approved for use or still under development.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly

Abstract: Trusted evidence. Informed decisions. Better health.

Cited by 35 publications

References 211 publications

Approved Antiviral Drugs over the Past 50 Years

Approved Antiviral Drugs over the Past 50 Years

Bad News: Analysis of the Quality of Information on Influenza Prevention Returned by Google in English and Italian

Antivirals in medical biodefense

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