“…The German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB, 2018) recognizes esports' importance for youth, but does not acknowledge it as an independent sporting activity. Beside this organizational statement, various researchers have applied legal frameworks including a number of different criteria of sports (e.g., Holden et al, 2017;Parry, 2020;Thiel & John, 2020), draw upon data-based classifications (e.g., Raue, Dreiskämper, & Strauss, 2020), or adopted linguistic-philosophical perspectives (e.g., Schürmann, 2019;Willimczik, 2019) to examine whether esports can be classified as sports.…”