Alzheimerʼs Disease With Neuropathological Findings

Hannah, Janet

doi:10.1097/00005053-193706000-00034

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…According to the World Alzheimer Report 2015, there are approximately 46.8 million people worldwide diagnosed with dementia. In AD, irreversible neurodegeneration causes severe damage to the brain tissue and a reduction in size of the brain (Bernardes et al, ; Hannah, ). The term neurodegeneration refers to the progressive death of neurons due to multiple causes, some of which are widely explored as in the case of AD.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodegeneration in type 2 diabetes: Alzheimer's as a case study

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Rigorous research in the last few years has shown that in addition to the classical mechanism of neurodegeneration, certain unconventional mechanisms may also lead to neurodegenerative disease. One of them is a widely studied metabolic disorder: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We now have a clear understanding of glucose‐mediated neurodegeneration, mostly from studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. AD is recognized to be significantly associated with hyperglycemia, even earning the term “type 3 diabetes.” Here, we review first the pathophysiology of AD, both from the perspective of classical protein accumulation, as well as the newer T2DM‐dependent mechanisms supported by findings from patients with T2DM. Secondly, we review the different pathways through which neurodegeneration is aggravated in hyperglycemic conditions taking AD as a case study. Finally, some of the current advances in AD management as a result of recent research developments in metabolic disorders‐driven neurodegeneration are also discussed. Methods Relevant literatures found from PubMed search were reviewed. Results Apart from the known causes of AD, type 2 diabetes opens a new window to the AD pathology in several ways. It is a bidirectional interaction, of which, the molecular and signaling mechanisms are recently studied. This is our attempt to connect all of them to draw a complete mechanistic explanation for the neurodegeneration in T2DM. Refer to Figure 3. Conclusion The perspective of AD as a classical neurodegenerative disease is changing, and it is now being looked at from a zoomed‐out perspective. The correlation between T2DM and AD is something observed and studied extensively. It is promising to know that there are certain advances in AD management following these studies.

show abstract

Section: Pathophysiology Of Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodegeneration in type 2 diabetes: Alzheimer's as a case study

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, pathological abnormalities frequently overlap between DLB and AD, such as neurofibrillary tangles and plaques, suggesting common epileptogenic mechanisms in these two conditions [80]. Indeed, the DLB‐AD patient group displayed the highest prevalence of seizures (20.7%) [11], and synergistic interactions between the two disease processes have been previously demonstrated in double transgenic mice expressing human synuclein and APP [81].…”

Section: Neurodegenerative Disorders and Epilepsy: Clinical Features ...mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The accumulation of extracellular aggregates of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) made of hyperphosphorylated tau‐protein in cortical and limbic areas of the human brain is considered to play a major role in the neurodegenerative processes occurring in the brain of AD patients, as proposed by the amyloid hypothesis [9], even though other complex and multiple factors have been recently shown to participate in the development of dementia [10]. The first description of epileptic seizures in a confirmed AD patient is ascribed to Hannah in 1936 [11] although, in 1911, Alzheimer himself had already reported a patient with probable seizures and with amyloid deposition in the brain as the only pathological marker [12]. It is now widely accepted that seizures can occur in AD patients [13] and that AD‐related pathological changes might be a causative factor for late‐onset unprovoked seizures [14].…”

Section: Neurodegenerative Disorders and Epilepsy: Clinical Features ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epilepsy in neurodegenerative diseases

Neri

Mastroianni²,

Gardella

et al. 2022

Epileptic Disorders

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although epilepsy as a comorbidity in neurodegenerative disorders is increasingly recognized, its incidence is still underestimated and the features of epilepsy in the different neurodegenerative conditions are still poorly defined. Improved health care, resulting in increased longevity, will unavoidably lead to an increment of epilepsy cases in the elderly. Thus, it is conceivable to expect that neurologists will have to deal with these comorbid conditions to a growing extent in the future. In this seminar, we provide an updated overview of the clinical features, pathophysiological mechanisms and diagnostic and treatment approaches of epilepsy in the most common neurodegenerative disorders (such as Alzheimer disease and other types of dementia, Parkinson disease, Down syndrome, prion diseases, and progressive myoclonus epilepsies), aiming to provide a tool that can help epileptologists and neurologists in the diagnosis and management of this increasingly reported comorbidity.

show abstract

“…Although considerable focus in the AD field has been placed on pathological changes in cortical, hippocampal, and basal forebrain regions, brainstem pathology has also been described since at least the 1930s ( Hannah, 1936 ). The brainstem is a small and complex region, serving as a major relay center and signal integrator for the central nervous system (CNS).…”

Section: Brainstem Changes In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo Brainstem Imaging in Alzheimer’s Disease: Potential for Biomarker Development

Braun

Eldik

2018

Front. Aging Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The dearth of effective treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the largest public health issues worldwide, costing hundreds of billions of dollars per year. From a therapeutic standpoint, research efforts to date have met with strikingly little clinical success. One major issue is that trials begin after substantial pathological change has occurred, and it is increasingly clear that the most effective treatment regimens will need to be administered earlier in the disease process. In order to identify individuals within the long preclinical phase of AD who are likely to progress to dementia, improvements are required in biomarker development. One potential area of research that might prove fruitful in this regard is the in vivo detection of brainstem pathology. The brainstem is known to undergo pathological changes very early and progressively in AD. With an updated and harmonized AD research framework, and emerging advances in neuroimaging technology, the potential to leverage knowledge of brainstem pathology into biomarkers for AD will be discussed.

show abstract

Alzheimerʼs Disease With Neuropathological Findings

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Neurodegeneration in type 2 diabetes: Alzheimer's as a case study

Neurodegeneration in type 2 diabetes: Alzheimer's as a case study

Epilepsy in neurodegenerative diseases

In vivo Brainstem Imaging in Alzheimer’s Disease: Potential for Biomarker Development

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About