Alzheimer's disease and diet: a systematic review

Yusufov, Miryam; Weyandt, Lisa L.; Piryatinsky, Irene

doi:10.3109/00207454.2016.1155572

Cited by 115 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…For low caloric intake and physical inactivity, the short-term excess risks in this study are consistent with previous systematic reviews, which are dominated by studies with short-term follow-up. [8][9][10][26][27][28][29] A recent study with a mean follow-up of 26 years 1 that was not included in those meta-analyses found no association of dementia risk with physical activity, in line with our long-term findings. The excess dementia detection rates associated with low caloric intake and physical inactivity during the first decade of follow-up that decline with follow-up duration, becoming close to null during follow-up years 15+, are consistent with reports that appreciable weight loss and reduced physical activity can precede the clinical diagnosis of dementia by about a decade [1][2][3][4] and suggest that the short-term associations could well be largely or wholly the consequence of preclinical dementia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Body mass index, diet, physical inactivity, and the incidence of dementia in 1 million UK women

et al. 2020

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ObjectiveTo help determine whether midlife obesity is a cause of dementia and whether low body mass index (BMI), low caloric intake, and physical inactivity are causes or merely consequences of the gradual onset of dementia by recording these factors early in a large 20-year prospective study and relating them to dementia detection rates separately during follow-up periods of <5, 5 to 9, 10 to 14, and 15+ years.MethodsA total of 1,136,846 UK women, mean age 56 (SD 5) years, were recruited in 1996 to 2001 and asked about height, weight, caloric intake, and inactivity. They were followed up until 2017 by electronic linkage to National Health Service records, detecting hospital admissions with mention of dementia. Cox regression yielded adjusted rate ratios (RRs) for first dementia detection during particular follow-up periods.ResultsFifteen years after the baseline survey, only 1% were lost to follow-up, and 89% remained alive with no detected dementia, of whom 18,695 had dementia detected later, at a mean age of 77 (SD 4) years. Dementia detection during years 15+ was associated with baseline obesity (BMI 30+ vs 20–24 kg/m2: RR 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.16–1.26, p < 0.0001) but not clearly with low BMI, low caloric intake, or inactivity at baseline. The latter 3 factors were associated with increased dementia rates during the first decade, but these associations weakened substantially over time, approaching null after 15 years.ConclusionsMidlife obesity may well be a cause of dementia. In contrast, behavioral changes due to preclinical disease could largely or wholly account for associations of low BMI, low caloric intake, and inactivity with dementia detection during the first decade of follow-up.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Body mass index, diet, physical inactivity, and the incidence of dementia in 1 million UK women

et al. 2020

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“…Countries in Europe, residing near the Mediterranean Sea, have better nutrient intake qualities, specifically related to: zinc, iron, vitamins B12 and D, folic acid, calcium, selenium and iodine [ 89 ]. Most of the aforementioned single nutrients may play a role in improving cognitive function and lowering the risk of AD; however, more studies are needed to have conclusive results [ 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Cognitive Health: A Systematic Review

2017

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The ageing population is accompanied by increased rates of cognitive decline and dementia. Not only does cognitive decline have a profound impact on an individual’s health and quality of life, but also on that of their caregivers. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been known to aid in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. It has been recently linked to better cognitive function in the elderly population. The purpose of this review was to compile evidence based data that examined the effect of adherence to the MD on cognitive function and the risk of developing dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. This review followed PRISMA guidelines and was conducted using four databases and resulted in 31 articles of interest. Cross-sectional studies and cohort studies in the non-Mediterranean region showed mixed results. However, cohort studies in the Mediterranean region and randomized controlled trials showed more cohesive outcomes of the beneficial effect of the MD on cognitive function. Although more standardized and in-depth studies are needed to strengthen the existing body of evidence, results from this review indicate that the Mediterranean diet could play a major role in cognitive health and risk of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

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“…In addition, such factors as epigenetics [106], inflammation/immune activation [107], proteostasis [108], or posttranslational modifications of proteins such as glycosylation [109] have been linked to the risk for AD in humans, as have metabolic and cardiovascular disorders [110]. Other factors that can vary within and among species should not be overlooked, such as life-long activity levels [111], sleep patterns [112], head injury [113], psychosocial stress [114], diet [115], microbiome [116–118], and environmental exposure to microorganisms and viruses [119]. …”

Section: Why Has Ad Not Been Identified In Nonhuman Species?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Exceptional Vulnerability of Humans to Alzheimer’s Disease

Walker

Jucker

2017

Trends in Molecular Medicine

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Like many humans, nonhuman primates deposit copious misfolded Aβ protein in the brain as they age. Nevertheless, the complete behavioral and pathologic phenotype of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including Aβ plaques, neurofibrillary (tau) tangles, and dementia, has not yet been identified in a nonhuman species. Recent research suggests that the crucial link between Aβ aggregation and tauopathy is somehow disengaged in aged monkeys. Understanding why AD fails to develop in species that are biologically proximal to humans could disclose new therapeutic targets in the chain of events leading to neurodegeneration and dementia.

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Alzheimer's disease and diet: a systematic review

Cited by 115 publications

References 91 publications

Body mass index, diet, physical inactivity, and the incidence of dementia in 1 million UK women

Body mass index, diet, physical inactivity, and the incidence of dementia in 1 million UK women

The Association between the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Cognitive Health: A Systematic Review

The Exceptional Vulnerability of Humans to Alzheimer’s Disease

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