Alzheimer's disease after remote head injury: an incidence study.

Abstract

Objective-To evaluate a history of remote head injury as a risk factor for subsequent dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Methods-271 participants of a community based longitudinal study of aging in north Manhattan without evidence of significant cognitive impairment were interrogated for a history ofhead injury on two occasions at entry into the study. The exminng physician sought a history of head injury with loss of conciousness. Independently, a risk factor interviewer inquired about a history of head injury with loss of consiousness or amnesia, the duration of any loss of consiousness, and the date of the head injury. Patients were followed up with standardised annual evaluations for up to five years to determine the first occurrence of dementia.

Vitamin E reduces amyloidosis and improves cognitive function in Tg2576 mice following repetitive concussive brain injury

“…The most common form of AD is sporadic AD (SAD), accounting for more than 90% of all disease cases. While apolipoprotein E e4 allele is the best-documented genetic risk factor for SAD (Corder et al 1993;Saunders et al 1993;Strittmatter et al 1993), traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents the most robust environmental AD risk factor (Schofield et al 1997;Nemetz et al 1999;Plassman et al 2000;Jellinger et al 2001). TBI has been shown to induce an increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Ab levels (Raby et al 1998), as well as Ab deposition in the human brain (Nicoll et al 1995), and Ab plaques have been found within days after a single incident of TBI in humans (Roberts et al 1991;Graham et al 1995).…”

Evaluation of Delayed Neuronal and Axonal Damage Secondary to Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Using Quantitative MR Imaging Techniques

“…Previous studies have suggested that there is an association of TBI and an increasing incidence of delayed neurodegenerative diseases (particularly Alzheimer disease) in this group of patients. 4,5 It thus becomes clear that evaluation and quantification of this delayed neuronal loss after TBI could play an important part of the clinical survey.…”

Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: Role of Amyloid-beta and Hyperphosphorylated Tau Protein

“…Schofield et al [77] suggested that individuals with TBI history are at a higher risk of dementia as compared to those with no such history. Franz et al [78] reported that the extent of Aβ and tau pathologies increase in the tissues of human brain after injury and levels of cerebrospinal fluid Aβ and APP are also increased.…”