Alzheimer Disease in Women: A Clinical and Genetics Perspective

Gies, Cheryl; Lessick, Mira

doi:10.1111/j.1751-486x.2009.01441.x

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Gender is a factor that enhances the risk for cognitive decline. Several studies have reported that cognitive decline and dementia are more prevalent in women than in men [10,36,37]. This finding is thought to be related to longevity, as women tend to live longer than men on average, giving them more time to develop cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease [36].…”

Section: Hypertension/diabetes and Relationship To Cognitive Declinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Race is another risk factor for cognitive decline. Studies have indicated that there is an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and the other dementias for both African-Americans and Hispanics compared to whites [10,11,36,37]. African-Americans and Hispanics have elevated incidence of vascular disease.…”

Section: Hypertension/diabetes and Relationship To Cognitive Declinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the risk of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias increases [10,11]. African-Americans are four times more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease or another type of dementia by age 90, while Hispanics are twice as likely to develop Alzheimer's disease or another type of dementia by age 90 compared to whites [36,37]. Asian-American prevalence rates of dementia are similar to those of whites [36].…”

Section: Hypertension/diabetes and Relationship To Cognitive Declinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…African-Americans are four times more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease or another type of dementia by age 90, while Hispanics are twice as likely to develop Alzheimer's disease or another type of dementia by age 90 compared to whites [36,37]. Asian-American prevalence rates of dementia are similar to those of whites [36]. Some risk factors for cognitive decline, such as alcohol consumption can be modified to maximize health benefits.…”

Section: Hypertension/diabetes and Relationship To Cognitive Declinementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Diabetes and Hypertension on Cognition: Mechanisms that Impair & Protect

Turk¹

2019

ARTOA

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Comorbid hypertension and diabetes adversely impact memory, increase cognitive decline, and increase risk of developing dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Given population aging and rising obesity rates, both conditions are expected to increase in the near future. The cognitive reserve hypothesis suggests that education may buffer negative effects of hypertension or diabetes on cognition. In line with this hypothesis, the goal of this study was to determine whether educational attainment moderates the effect of diabetes and hypertension on cognition, using the 2008 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (n=10,258 adults aged 65 and above). Further, this study seeks to elucidate the deleterious mechanisms on the brain caused by hypertension and diabetes. The mean age of the sample was 74.6 years; 58% were female, and average education was 12.26 years. Hierarchical ordinary least squares multiple regression techniques were used. Results show diabetics who take oral medications (especially in combination with insulin) score lower on cognition than non-diabetics. The analyses controlled for age, sex, race, self-rated health, ADLs, smoking status, alcohol use, income, and exercise. The study found that education (measured in years but not in degree categories) moderates the effect of diabetes on cognition for diabetics using both oral medications and insulin (t=2.13, p>.038). Thus, it lends very limited if any support to the cognitive reserve hypothesis. It also raises concerns about potential cognitive side effects diabetes medications.

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Section: Hypertension/diabetes and Relationship To Cognitive Declinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypertension/diabetes and Relationship To Cognitive Declinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypertension/diabetes and Relationship To Cognitive Declinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypertension/diabetes and Relationship To Cognitive Declinementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Effect of Diabetes and Hypertension on Cognition: Mechanisms that Impair & Protect

Turk¹

2019

ARTOA

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show abstract

“…Disease in Women I found the article on Alzheimer disease (AD) in women (Gies & Lessick, 2009) highly informative and applicable to nursing practice. As a BSN nursing student nearing graduation in spring 2010, I will soon be part of the nursing workforce, caring for a growing elderly population with an increasing incidence of AD-many of whom will be women.…”

Section: Alzheimermentioning

confidence: 99%