Alveolar ridge preservation using free gingival grafts. A review article

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Tissue preservation after tooth removal is crucial for the subsequent implant and/or prosthodontic rehabilitation. A variety of ridge preservation procedures have been suggested. Socket sealing surgery with free gingival grafts was introduced to minimize soft tissue volumetric alterations and protect the clot or the bone grafting material in the socket. However, the method has some disadvantages, such as postoperative patient discomfort and a need for a second-stage surgery.AIM: This literature review aims to analyze, compare, and summarize the results on the application of free gingival grafts for ridge preservation and define the research gaps that necessitate further assessments. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The present review is based on the existing scientific electronic database, including 42 articles. It provides a comparative analysis of the reported results on socket sealing with free gingival grafts RESULTS: The database showed heterogeneity regarding graft survival and postoperative complications. Authors report that the method gives promising results and successfully preserves the hard and soft tissue volume. It is still disputable, however, whether it is superior to other ridge preservation procedures. CONCLUSION: Further investigation based on randomized clinical trials and precise clinical, histologic, and radiological evaluation is needed to clarify the role of free gingival grafts as a method for ridge preservation. Its application in the different areas of the ridge should be carefully evaluated.