Alveolar macrophages and type I IFN in airway homeostasis and immunity

Divangahi, Maziar; King, Irah L.; Pernet, Erwan

doi:10.1016/j.it.2015.03.005

Cited by 88 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Alveolar macrophages unique to lung tissue play a pivotal role in maintaining local immunity. Moreover, alveolar macrophages elicit and further amplify the immune response 28,29 . Importantly, the amount of secreted anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 decreases, suggesting the inflammatory response predominance over the tissue anti-inflammatory response, if excited by an antigen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not excited by incoming potentially harmful antigens, macrophages function in a relatively silent mode; however, at the same time, alveolar macrophages are ready to be excited. In this state, macrophages suppress the local immunity by producing low levels of cytokines and other signalling molecules 29 . Although alveolar macrophages are found to initiate and maintain the immune response in the inflammatory mode, the contributing factors strongly affect the behaviour of alveolar macrophages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although as an early damage pathogen recognition site is in epithelial tissue and alveolar macrophages, other non-immune structures greatly contribute to the initiation, regulation and suppression of the immune response. The epithelium stimulates immune cells and ignites the innate and adaptive immunity signaling 3 ; moreover, alveolar macrophages easily initiate both local and systemic immune responses, as well as recruit other immune mediators, leading to inflammation 28,29 . However, the influence of deeper structures to initiate, regulate and suppress the immune responses is poorly evidenced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in relatively healthy lung tissue as an essential part of the local immune system

Vitenberga¹,

Pilmane²

2017

BIOMED PAP

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Background. The innate and adaptive immune systems in lungs are maintained not only by immune cells but also by non-immune tissue structures, locally providing wide intercellular communication networks and regulating the local tissue immune response. Aims. The aim of this study was to determine the appearance and distribution of inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in relatively healthy lung tissue samples. Material and Methods. We evaluated lung tissue specimens obtained from 49 patients aged 9-95 years in relatively healthy study subjects. Tissue samples were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-7 (IL-7), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected by an immunohistochemistry (IMH) method. The number of positive structures was counted semiquantitatively by microscopy. Non-parametric tests were used to analyse the data. Results. IL-1-positive cells were mostly found in the bronchial cartilage and alveolar epithelium. Immunoreactive lung macrophages were also found. The numbers of IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, and IL-10 containing cells were also found in the bronchial epithelium (in addition to those previously listed). The number of positive structures varied from occasional to moderate, but was graded higher in cartilage. Overall, fewer IL-1-positive cells and more IL-10-positive cells were found. Almost no positive structures for all examined cytokines were found in connective tissue and bronchial glands. Conclusions. Relatively healthy lung tissue exhibits anti-inflammatory response patterns. The cytokine distribution and appearance suggest persistent stimulation of cytokine expression in lung tissue and indicate the presence of local regulatory and modulating patterns. The pronounced cytokine distribution in bronchial cartilage suggests the involvement of a compensatory local immune response in the supporting tissue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in relatively healthy lung tissue as an essential part of the local immune system

Vitenberga¹,

Pilmane²

2017

BIOMED PAP

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“…6D). Considering first the case for endogenous mechanisms, several groups have shown that AMs are a major source of type I interferons (IFNs) in virus-challenged mice (66,67). In our microarray analysis of whole lung tissue, we noted that L. plantarum versus control priming, followed by PVM infection, resulted in the differential regulation of numerous IFNregulated genes, notably, IFN-induced GTP binding proteins Mx1 and Mx2, Stat3, and IFN regulatory proteins Irf1 and Irf7 (see Gene Expression Omnibus file GSE66721 and additional details in reference 68).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming of the Respiratory Tract with ImmunobioticLactobacillus plantarumLimits Infection of Alveolar Macrophages with Recombinant Pneumonia Virus of Mice (rK2-PVM)

Dyer

Drummond

Rice

et al. 2016

J Virol

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Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) is a natural rodent pathogen that replicates in bronchial epithelial cells and reproduces manyclinical and pathological features of the more severe forms of disease associated with human respiratory syncytial virus. In order to track virus-target cell interactions during acute infection in vivo, we developed rK2-PVM, bacterial artificial chromosomebased recombinant PVM strain J3666 that incorporates the fluorescent tag monomeric Katushka 2 (mKATE2). The rK2-PVM pathogen promotes lethal infection in BALB/c mice and elicits characteristic cytokine production and leukocyte recruitment to the lung parenchyma. Using recombinant virus, we demonstrate for the first time PVM infection of both dendritic cells (DCs; CD11c ؉ major histocompatibility complex class II ؉ ) and alveolar macrophages (AMs; CD11c ؉ sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin F ؉ ) in vivo and likewise detect mKATE2 ؉ DCs in mediastinal lymph nodes from infected mice. AMs support both active virus replication and production of infectious virions. Furthermore, we report that priming of the respiratory tract with immunobiotic Lactobacillus plantarum, a regimen that results in protection against the lethal inflammatory sequelae of acute respiratory virus infection, resulted in differential recruitment of neutrophils, DCs, and lymphocytes to the lungs in response to rK2-PVM and a reduction from ϳ40% to <10% mKATE2 ؉ AMs in association with a 2-log drop in the release of infectious virions. In contrast, AMs from L. plantarum-primed mice challenged with virus ex vivo exhibited no differential susceptibility to rK2-PVM. Although the mechanisms underlying Lactobacillus-mediated viral suppression remain to be fully elucidated, this study provides insight into the cellular basis of this response. H uman respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV, family Paramyxoviridae, genus Pneumovirus) is a major cause of morbidity and death among infants and children worldwide and is recognized as a significant health concern among the elderly (1). The anti-hRSV antibody paluvizumab is highly effective when used as prophylaxis in infants identified as high risk (2), although there are many infants hospitalized with severe hRSV disease who are not identified in any of the high-risk cohorts (3). Treatment options for hRSV disease are primarily supportive. The antiviral agent ribavirin is currently recommended only for severely ill and immunocompromised children (4, 5). New antiviral agents that focus specifically on hRSV are in development (6)(7)(8), and the inflammatory responses characteristic of severe hRSV disease are also recognized as targets for therapeutic intervention (9, 10).Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) is a rodent pathogen of the same family and genus as hRSV. PVM infection in inbred strains of mice reproduces many of the clinical and pathological features of the more severe forms of hRSV disease, which has facilitated the exploration of new therapeutic strategies in vivo (11,12). Similar to hRSV (13), PVM infects bronchial epi...

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“…An increase in the number of macrophages may be of importance since an increased quantity of these cells can be directly correlated to an increased capability of the innate immune system for pathogen clearance. Moreover, several studies [15][16][17][18] have already shown that macrophages are also beneficial in tissue homeostasis, tissue repair and cell proliferation after injury. Inflammation is a physiologic response to the presence of injurious stimuli in an animal's body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Quantum Energy Living Body on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Murine RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cell Line

Lee¹,

Vergara²

2016

Bioceram Dev Appl

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Alveolar macrophages and type I IFN in airway homeostasis and immunity

Cited by 88 publications

References 96 publications

Inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in relatively healthy lung tissue as an essential part of the local immune system

Inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in relatively healthy lung tissue as an essential part of the local immune system

Priming of the Respiratory Tract with ImmunobioticLactobacillus plantarumLimits Infection of Alveolar Macrophages with Recombinant Pneumonia Virus of Mice (rK2-PVM)

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Quantum Energy Living Body on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Murine RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cell Line

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