Alveolar echinococcosis: what triggers emergence in North America, Central Europe and Asia?

Gottstein, Bruno; Deplazes, Peter

doi:10.1097/qco.0000000000000765

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…In the ultrasound test group, the lesions in the liver were clear, with uneven echoes, unclear boundaries, and irregular shapes mixed with strong echoes of different shapes and sizes, followed by wide or palisade tissues. The B-mode ultrasound screening of the HAE model demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, indicating that it can accurately and reliably screen HAE in experimental animals and can be used to assess the success of modeling ( 12 ). The method is safe and fast, avoids scarificing the test model, reduces the pain of the experimental animals, and saves on financial, material, and human resources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility analysis and study of an intrahepatic portal vein infection hepatic alveolar echinococcosis C57 mouse model

Tian

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to establish and study an intrahepatic portal vein infection hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) C57 mouse model and provide a theoretical basis for clinical research on HAE.MethodsC57 mice were used to establish the HAE mouse model. The location, size, morphology, appearance, and pathological changes in liver lesions in different groups of mice were characterized using ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and haematoxylin and eosin staining.ResultsThe mortality rate of the C57 mice was 20%, and the success rate of infection was 75%. The abdominal ultrasound images and MRIs clearly indicated the location, size, shape, and appearance of the liver lesions and the relationship between the lesions and the adjacent organs. The size, morphology, and signal of the livers in the control group were normal. The pathological results of the experimental group indicated a hepatic vesicular acinar cyst, while those of the control group exhibited normal livers.ConclusionThe intrahepatic portal vein infection HAE mouse model was successfully established.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility analysis and study of an intrahepatic portal vein infection hepatic alveolar echinococcosis C57 mouse model

Tian

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…In 99% of patients, liver is the primary affected organ. Parasite growth is slow, mimicking malignant tumors development [ 2 , 3 , 7 ]. It is rare that the primary lesions appear in the lungs or the brain of the intermediate host [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parasite growth is slow, mimicking malignant tumors development [ 2 , 3 , 7 ]. It is rare that the primary lesions appear in the lungs or the brain of the intermediate host [ 7 ]. In the literature, unusual locations of the tapeworm, e.g., the diaphragm, the kidney and/or adrenal gland, and the pancreas, are also reported [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, they can give metastases into nearby organs, e.g., lymph nodes, diaphragm, and adrenals. At the advanced stage of infection, distant metastases of primary lesions are spread mainly through blood circulation [ 7 ]. Therefore, AE is a severe neoplasm-like infection with a poor and always serious clinical prognosis and a risk of death [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors and the Character of Clinical Course of the Echinococcus multilocularis Infection in Patients in Poland

et al. 2023

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Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a chronic zoonotic disease caused by the larval form of Echinococcus multilocularis. In humans, it may become a serious chronic infection of the liver which resembles a slow malignant process leading to death when untreated. The aim of the study was an assessment of the risk factors of the E. multilocularis infections and the description of AE clinical course in the group of 36 patients with confirmed AE, hospitalized at the Department and Clinic of Tropical and Parasitic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences between 2013 and 2022. Among the study participants, most patients cultivated land, bred livestock, worked in the forest, or were employed in animal shelters. The E. multilocularis infection was diagnosed based on imaging and immunoassay techniques within 6 months in the majority of patients hospitalized in the Department. All patients hospitalized in the Department initiated anti-parasitic therapy at the moment of the diagnosis. Pharmacological treatment combined with surgery was applied in most of the study participants, who were presented with more advanced stages of infection. We conclude the following: 1. For humans in the risk group, regular abdominal imaging examinations and the detection of specific antibodies against E. multilocularis are recommended. 2. Regular screening tests in the hyperendemic areas of AE would increase the early detection of the disease and to improve the clinical prognosis in this extremely life-threatening parasitic disease.

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“…In Europe and North America, AE is considered an emerging disease with increasing incidences over the last two decades. Around 200–300 new AE patients are expected to be diagnosed in central Europe every year, where regional annual incidences are ranging between 0 and 8.1/100,000 inhabitants [ 7 , 8 ]. The overall yearly AE incidence in Switzerland has significantly increased from 0.1 between 1993–2000 to 0.26 in 2001–2005 [ 9 ] and persisted relatively high in the last decade [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Assays for Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis—A Comparative Multi-Test Study in Switzerland and Kyrgyzstan

et al. 2022

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Both alveolar (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE) are lacking pathognomonic clinical signs; consequently imaging technologies and serology remain the main pillars for diagnosis. The present study included 100 confirmed treatment-naïve AE and 64 CE patients that were diagnosed in Switzerland or Kyrgyzstan. Overall, 10 native Echinococcus spp. antigens, 3 recombinant antigens, and 4 commercial assays were comparatively evaluated. All native E. multilocularis antigens were produced in duplicates with a European and a Kyrgyz isolate and showed identical test values for the diagnosis of AE and CE. Native antigens and three commercial tests showed high diagnostic sensitivities (Se: 86–96%) and specificities (Sp: 96–99%) for the diagnosis of AE and CE in Swiss patients. In Kyrgyz patients, values of sensitivities and specificities were 10–20% lower as compared to the Swiss patients’ findings. For the sero-diagnosis of AE in Kyrgyzstan, a test-combination of an E. multilocularis protoscolex antigen and the recombinant antigen Em95 appears to be the most suitable test strategy (Se: 98%, Sp: 87%). For the diagnosis of CE in both countries, test performances were hampered by major cross-reactions with AE patients and other parasitic diseases as well as by limited diagnostic sensitivities (93% in Switzerland and 76% in Kyrgyzstan, respectively).

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Alveolar echinococcosis: what triggers emergence in North America, Central Europe and Asia?

Cited by 9 publications

References 70 publications

Feasibility analysis and study of an intrahepatic portal vein infection hepatic alveolar echinococcosis C57 mouse model

Feasibility analysis and study of an intrahepatic portal vein infection hepatic alveolar echinococcosis C57 mouse model

Risk Factors and the Character of Clinical Course of the Echinococcus multilocularis Infection in Patients in Poland

Serological Assays for Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis—A Comparative Multi-Test Study in Switzerland and Kyrgyzstan

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