Aluminum Foam, “Alporas”: The Production Process, Properties and Applications

Miyoshi, Tetsuji; Itoh, Masao; Akiyama, Shigeru; Kitahara, Akira

doi:10.1557/proc-521-133

Cited by 61 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…The processes using TiH2 have two routes, melt processing and powder metallurgy (PM) routes. Typical melt processing route is "Alporas" method 4 by Sinko Wire, melt foams with calcium as the viscosity-enhancing additive and TiH2 as foaming agent. In other side, typical PM route is "Fraunhofer" method 5 by IFAM, aluminum matrix powder and TiH2 is hot-extruded, it is called precursor, then precursor is heated in closed die to foam for near-net shaping.…”

Section: Various Processes For Preparation Of Metallic Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective is to ensure that they adhere to the gas-liquid interface within the foam, so as to stabilize the bubbles and inhibit their movement and further coalescence in the melt. Addition of a foaming agent (TiH2, ZrH2) into the melt instead of blowing gas is the second way for foaming melts 4 . A novel technique (tradename ALPORAS) (Fig.…”

Section: Gas Foaming In Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aluminum Metallic Foams Made by Carbonate Foaming Agents

Svyatoslav

Koizumi

Kita

et al. 2013

Resources Processing

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Recent developments in metal foams, especially aluminum, have produced a new class of lightweight materials at the side of the traditional ones such as polymers, ceramics or glass. The combination of a metallic character together with a cellular structure gives an interesting potential for a wide application of this material, particularly for high volume markets such as the automotive industry.Increased demands concerning cost economy, passenger safety in automobiles and materials recycling all bring constructors now to use metal foams. Hereby it provides the additional environmental benefits from a potentially improved fuel economy and lower CO2 emissions. Then, short review of metallic foam was done in the present paper.The possibility of carbonate and hydroxide as foaming agent for Al-Si-Cu alloy by powder metallurgy route is studied, after preparation processes of metallic foams were briefly reviewed in the present paper.It was done by measuring thermal decomposition behavior of foaming agents and evaluating cell structure of those aluminum foams. To obtain fine and homogenous cell structure in powder metallurgy route by using safer carbonate as foaming agent, it has made clear that importance of selecting foaming agent starting decomposition after melting of matrix. It is clearly different from TiH2-foam to grow coarse-rounded cell structure. From this point of view, MgCO3 and CaMg(CO3)2 is suitable for matrix of Al-Si-Cu alloy. CaMg(CO3)2-foam could expand to 1.19 in specific gravity, and keep homogeneous, fine and spherical cell structure.

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Section: Various Processes For Preparation Of Metallic Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gas Foaming In Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminum Metallic Foams Made by Carbonate Foaming Agents

Svyatoslav

Koizumi

Kita

et al. 2013

Resources Processing

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“…A continuación, la mezcla es agitada a una temperatura alrededor de 680 °C [22, 35 y 57] . A mayor temperatura se obtiene más hidrógeno liberado del TiH 2 , sin embargo, también se presenta una liberación más rápida del gas [58] . Durante la expansión de la espuma, ésta se mantiene dentro de una cámara a presión constante, lo cual genera espumas con estructura de celda homogénea y, una vez se tiene el volumen requerido, se procede al enfriamiento y solidificación de la espuma.…”

Section: Adición De Un Agente Espumante Al Fundido Metálicounclassified

“…Cuando el fundido solidifica, el gas escapa debido a su baja solubilidad en el metal sólido dando a lugar un material poroso anisotrópico con poros cuasi-cilíndricos orientados en la dirección de la solidificación [1, 7 y 25] . En la figura 9 se muestra una descripción esquemática de este sistema de producción, mediante el cual se pueden obtener espumas de aluminio, níquel, cobre, magnesio, titanio, cobalto, molibdeno, cromo y aceros, F Fi ig gu ur ra a 6 6 Tiempo de agitación vs. viscosidad aparente [58] . Figure 6.…”

Section: Solidificación Eutéctica De Un Fundido Saturado De Hidrógenounclassified

Manufacturing processes of cellular metals. Part I: Liquid route processes

2008

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P Pr ro oc ce es so os s d de e f fa ab br ri ic ca ac ci ió ón n d de e m me et ta al le es s c ce el lu ul la ar re es s. . P Pa ar rt te e I I: : P Pr ro oc ce es so os s p po or r v ví ía a l lí íq qu ui id da a ( (• •) ) P. Fernández * , L. J. Cruz * y J. Coleto ** R Re es su um me en n Los metales celulares, con sus interesantes y particulares características, constituyen parte de la gran familia de los nuevos materiales. Ellos pueden ser de porosidad abierta o cerrada. En la actualidad, el gran reto para los investigadores en materiales se fundamenta, aún, en el perfeccionamiento de las técnicas de fabricación que permitan obtener metales celulares reproducibles, confiables y de calidad. Por tal motivo, en el presente trabajo, se revisan los diferentes métodos de producción por vía líquida, haciendo una breve descripción de los principales parámetros involucrados y las ventajas y desventajas de cada uno de ellos. P Pa al la ab br ra as s c cl la av ve e Metales celulares; Espumas metálicas; Esponjas metálicas; Fundición.M Ma an nu uf fa ac ct tu ur ri in ng g p pr ro oc ce es ss se es s o of f c ce el ll lu ul la ar r m me et ta al ls s. . P Pa ar rt t I I: : L Li iq qu ui id d r ro ou ut te e p pr ro oc ce es ss se es s A Ab bs st tr ra ac ct tWith its interesting and particular characteristics, cellular metals are taking part of the great family of new materials.They can have open or closed porosity. At the present time, the major challenge for the materials researchers is based in the manufacturing techniques improvement in order to obtain reproducible and reliable cellular metals with quality. In the present paper, the different production methods to manufacture cellular metals by liquid route are reviewed; making a short description about the main parameters involved and the advantages and drawbacks in each of them. Los metales celulares (MC) son materiales obtenidos a partir de un metal puro o de una aleación, que bien pueden formar una estructura de poros abiertos (esponjas metálicas) o una de poros cerrados (espumas metálicas). Dicha estructura porosa hace que los MC sean materiales muy especiales, innovadores y con prometedoras perspectivas de aplicaciones futuras ya que, además de contar con una muy baja densidad, poseen propiedades físico-químicas, mecánicas y estructurales propias del metal del que están formados y otras derivadas de la estructura porosa [1][2][3][4] . En este sentido, los MC han sido reconocidos como materiales "multifuncionales", debido a que cubren una serie de características necesarias en diferentes aplicaciones, las cuales varían mucho según el proceso de producción empleado [5 y 6] . Como ratificación de lo anterior es posible, entonces, observar como las esponjas metálicas son utilizadas como materiales funcionales (absorción de ruido y vibraciones, intercambiadores de calor y superficie para catálisis), y las espumas metálicas se usan en aplicaciones de tipo estructural (absorción de energía de impacto, aligeramiento de estructuras) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] .Aunque desd...

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“…Among these processes, the use of titanium hydride (TiH 2 ) as a foaming agent is popular in melt processing and powder metallurgy (PM). Alporas foams are produced by a typical melt processing route, 1) in which foams are melted with calcium as a viscosity-enhancing additive and a TiH 2 foaming agent. The Fraunhofer method is a typical PM route 2) that involves the hot extrusion of an aluminum matrix powder and a TiH 2 precursor, which is then heated in a closed die to foam for near-net shaping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foaming Agents for Powder Metallurgy Production of Aluminum Foam

et al. 2011

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Metallic foams are commonly produced using hydride foaming agents. Carbonates are safer to handle than hydrides; however, their use in the powder metallurgy (PM) route to obtaining a fine and homogenous cell structure has not been evaluated. In this study, carbonates and hydroxides were investigated as foaming agents for the production of Al-Si-Cu alloy foams by the PM route. The thermal decomposition behavior of the foaming agents was evaluated in conjunction with the cell structure of the aluminum foams produced. From the results, it was clarified that a foaming agent that began decomposing after the matrix melted is required to obtain a fine and homogenous cell structure. The TiH 2 foam formed under similar conditions was obviously different and had a coarse and rounded cell structure. MgCO 3 and CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 were selected as suitable foaming agents for the Al-Si-Cu alloy. Once expanded, the CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 foam had a specific gravity of 1.19 and a homogeneous, fine and spherical cell structure.

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Aluminum Foam, “Alporas”: The Production Process, Properties and Applications

Cited by 61 publications

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Aluminum Metallic Foams Made by Carbonate Foaming Agents

Aluminum Metallic Foams Made by Carbonate Foaming Agents

Manufacturing processes of cellular metals. Part I: Liquid route processes

Foaming Agents for Powder Metallurgy Production of Aluminum Foam

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