Aluminum effects on growth and P, Ca, and Mg uptake efficiency in red clover cult1vars

Abstract

Climatically controlled growth rooms were used to evaluate performance of 23 red clover cultivars in a nutrient culture system at 5 levels of Al (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μM). The shoot and root growth of all the cultivars was reduced by Al. Considerable reduction in growth was observed at Al levels beyond 50 μM. The efficiency ratio (ER) (mg shoot dry matter per mg shoot element) for P declined with increasing Al. ER values for Ca and Mg declined slightly with increasing concentration of Al to 50 μM but then increased considerably with increasing Al. In the absence of Al, Redman, K4-184 and Chesapeake showed the highest ER for P, Ca and Mg, respectively. However, in the presence of 50 μM Al, Altaswede had the highest ER for P and Mg, and Redland showed the highest ER for Ca. In the presence of 50 μM Al, Florie, Norlac and Redmor gave the lowest ER values for P, Ca, and Mg. The growth and ER for P, Ca, and Mg in the presence or absence of Al appears to be different among the various red clover cultivars tested. The presence of a Swedish line in its parentage has improved ER for P and Mg in Altaswede. The ILL-2 as a parental line improved Ca ER in Redland and Redmor. In Florie, the presence of line ILL-1 and cultivar Lakeland as parents gave the lowest ER for P. Genetic diversity for P, Ca, and Mg uptake efficiency was observed among the cultivars tested.

Aluminum resistance of cowpea as affected by phosphorus-deficiency stress

“…Short-and long-term exposure of plant roots to toxic concentrations of Al lead to root-growth inhibition (Ryan and Kochian, 1993;Kochian, 1995) thus impairing the acquisition of soil P (Foy, 1984). In addition to the inhibition of root growth, Al also affects root activity by impairing metabolic activity (de Lima and Copeland, 1994), plasma-membrane integrity Ishikawa and Wagatsuma, 1998) and the uptake of cations (Baligar et al, 1987;Huang et al, 1992;Calba and Jaillard, 1997) and water (Blamey et al, 1993).…”

Responses of mineral nutrient contents and transport in red clover under aluminum stress

“…Red clover is a major forage legume cultivated over approximately 4 million ha of land worldwide as an animal feed and to improve agricultural system soils (Riday, 2010; Sindic & Riday, 2020). Red clover can adapt well to acidic, aluminous, and poor‐quality soils (Baligar et al, 1987). The adaptation mechanism of red clover to acidic soil with high Al 3+ concentrations must be better understood to improve red clover utilization as a forage grass and natural soil promoter.…”

Programming of fertigation in soilless crops in Spanish southeast. Study of calcium nutrition

“…Calcium uptake through the roots is influenced by the salt concentration of the soil solution, especially sodium (Na) (Cramer et al, 1989), the concentration of antagonistic cations rapidly taken up by the roots (K + , NH4 + , H + or Al +3 ) (Baligar et al, 1987) and by factors affecting plant transpiration (Wiersum, 1979a) such as temperature and hydric state of the substrate, root vigor, and humidity (Tromp and Van Vuure, 1993). The Ca 2+ can protect plant cells from adverse effects induced by NaCl stress and improve the growth of plants under saline conditions (LaHaye and Epstein, 1971;Cramer et al, 1990;Cachorro et al, 1994;Colmer et al, 1996).…”

“…Calcium is essential for good growth, density and length of the root hairs which are necessary for nutrient absorption (Jaunin and Hofer, 1988). Calcium absorbance by the root is affected by the intensity of whole plant transpiration, the salt concentration of the solution (especially due to sodium) (Cramer et al, 1989), the concentrations of antagonistic cations rapidly taken up by the root such as K + , NH4 + and even H + or Al 3+ ions (Baligar et al, 1987) and environmental conditions such as temperature of substrate.…”

“…La dificultad de absorción del calcio (de forma pasiva) y su transporte (vía xilema), sin practicamente translocación, le hacen poco móvíl y muy susceptible a carencias locales y estacionales con la consiguiente aparición de transtornos nutricionales tales como la 'vitrescencia" del melón, el "blossom end rot" del tomate y pimiento, el "rumple" en limón Fino, etc. Su absorción por la raíz se ve afectada por la intensidad de la transpiración, la concentración salina de la solución (principalmente sodio) (Cramer et al, 1989), la concentración de cationes antagónicos como potasio, amonio, e incluso iones H + o Al 3+ (Baligar et al, 1987), la temperatura del sustrato, etc.…”