Aluminum combustion modeling in solid propellant environments

Widener, J.; Liang, Yongjun; Beckstead, M. W.

doi:10.2514/6.1999-2629

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These data were used by King [7] for his modeling work. The kinetic data for the Al-H 2 O reaction were obtained only for the 298-1174 K temperature range, but as in the Al-CO 2 reaction, the lack of data forced extrapolation of available data to the 2000-4000 K temperature range [17]. There were few investigations done into the probable condensation paths for aluminum-oxide formation with CO 2 and H 2 O as oxidizers.…”

Section: Aluminum-combustion Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was some question as to whether aluminum combustion is purely diffusion-controlled or if kinetics can also have some influence [7,17]. Experiments also showed that the flame-zone thickness, which is also an indicator of the pace of the kinetics, varies with each oxidizer [20][21][22].…”

Section: Aluminum-combustion Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were few investigations done into the probable condensation paths for aluminum-oxide formation with CO 2 and H 2 O as oxidizers. Hence, the condensation paths in the presence of CO 2 and H 2 O are assumed to be the same as in the pure O 2 oxidizer case [17].…”

Section: Aluminum-combustion Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reliable kinetic data for Al-O 2 reactions have been published only recently [18]. As for the Al-CO 2 reaction, the data are available only for the temperature range of 300-1900 K [17] and have to be extrapolated to higher temperatures. These data were used by King [7] for his modeling work.…”

Section: Aluminum-combustion Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present paper summarizes a series of articles [14][15][16][17] describing the numerical simulations of aluminum-particle combustion in both laboratory and rocket-motor conditions, i.e., high pressures and CO 2 and H 2 O environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Simulation of Single Aluminum Particle Combustion (Review)

Beckstead

Liang

Pudduppakkam

2005

Combust Explos Shock Waves

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137

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A two-dimensional, unsteady-state, kinetic-diffusion-vaporization-controlled numerical model for aluminum particle combustion is presented. The model solves the conservation equations, while accounting for species generation and destruction with a 15-reaction kinetic mechanism. Two of the major phenomena that differentiate aluminum combustion from hydrocarbon-droplet combustion, namely, condensation of the aluminum-oxide product and subsequent deposition of part of the condensed oxide onto the particle, are accounted for in detail with a submodel for each phenomenon. The effect of the oxide cap in the distortion of the species and temperature profiles around the particle is included into the model. The results obtained from the model, which include two-dimensional species and temperature profiles, are analyzed and compared with experimental data. The combustion process is found to approach a diffusion-controlled process for the oxidizers (O 2 , CO 2 , and H 2 O) and conditions treated. The flame-zone location and thickness are found to vary with the oxidizer. The result shows that the exponent of the particle-diameter dependence of the burning time is not a constant and changes from ≈1.2 for smaller-diameter particles to ≈1.9 for larger-diameter particles. Owing to deposition of the aluminum oxide onto the particle surface, the particle velocity oscillates. The effect of pressure is analyzed for a few oxidizers. Key words: aluminum particle, two-dimensional unsteady-state numerical model, kinetic mechanism, effect of the nature of the gaseous oxidizer, condensed oxide, oxide dissociation, oxide cap, burning time, species and temperature fields INTRODUCTIONAluminum has been added to propellants for many years as an extra energy source for the propellant. Thus, research on the combustion mechanism of burning aluminum has been an ongoing effort. A very significant effort was expended in the 1960s and 1970s shortly after the effects of aluminum were first conceived. In an early study, Glassman [1] and Brzustowski and Glassman [2] recognized that metal combustion would be analogous to hydrocarbon-droplet combustion, that the D 2 law ought to be applied, and that ignition and combustion ought to depend on the melting and boiling points of the metal and the oxide. Glassman speculated that ig-

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Section: Aluminum-combustion Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aluminum-combustion Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aluminum-combustion Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aluminum-combustion Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Numerical Simulation of Single Aluminum Particle Combustion (Review)

Beckstead

Liang

Pudduppakkam

2005

Combust Explos Shock Waves

Self Cite

137

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Modeling of aluminum particle combustion with emphasis on the oxide effects and variable transport properties

Yang

Yoon

2010

J Mech Sci Technol

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A simplified analytical modeling of single aluminum particle combustion was conducted. Ignition and quasi-steady combustion (QSC) were separately formulated and integrated. Both the heat transfer from the hot ambient gas and the enthalpy of heterogeneous surface reaction (HSR) served to cause the particle ignition. Conservation equations were solved for QSC parameters in conjunction with conserved scalar formulation and Shvab-Zeldovich function. Limit temperature postulate was formulated by a sink term pertinent to the dissociation of the aluminum oxide near the flame zone. Effective latent heat of vaporization was modified for the thermal radiation. Ignition and QSC of the aluminum particle were predicted and discussed with emphasis on the effect of the aluminum oxide and variable properties. The model was validated with the experiments regarding ignition delay time, burning rate, residue particle size, flame temperature, QSC duration, and stand-off distance of the envelop flame. Agreement was satisfactory and the prediction errors were limited within 10%.

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Dynamics and combustion of single aluminium agglomerate in solid propellant environment

2020

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Aluminized composite propellant used in solid rocket motors contain a lot of aluminium particles because high combustion energy is generated and propulsion efficiency increases by burning aluminium particles. The combustion of aluminum occurs in a significant portion of the combustion chamber and produces aluminum oxide smokes and residues that are carried into the flowfield. Agglomerates have non-spherical shape, and consist of aluminium droplet and oxide particle (oxide cap) attached to the droplet. Unlike the liquid droplet ignition, the solid oxide film blocks the liquid aluminum from the penetration of the oxidizer hence prevents the particle from its ignition. Development of robust models of aluminum particle dynamics is essential in the design of advanced propulsion systems. The mathematical model of two-phase flow around a single aluminum droplet with oxide cap is developed. The model solves the continuity, momentum, energy and species continuity equations simultaneously to obtain the species and temperature profiles and the burning time of droplet. The results of numerical simulations are compared with predictions from semi-empirical correlations and computational data.

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Aluminum combustion modeling in solid propellant environments

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Numerical Simulation of Single Aluminum Particle Combustion (Review)

Numerical Simulation of Single Aluminum Particle Combustion (Review)

Modeling of aluminum particle combustion with emphasis on the oxide effects and variable transport properties

Dynamics and combustion of single aluminium agglomerate in solid propellant environment

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