Aluminum Alloy Reinforced with Agro-Waste, and Eggshell as Viable Material for Wind Turbine Blade to Annex Potential Wind Energy: A Review

Abstract

The most important part of the wind turbine is the blade. From existing studies, it has been concluded that most wind turbine blades have a high rate of failure during operation due to fatigue, because of a lack of proper material selection processes. Materials such as fiberglass, wood, aluminum, and steel have been used but have not been able to qualify as sustainable materials. Therefore, this study focuses on the review of existing materials employed for developing metal matrix composites as ecological materials to produce wind blades. This study discusses the application of aluminium, silicon, and magnesium metal matrix alloys and the implementation of agro-waste materials (coconut rice, coconut shell, rice husk ash, and sugar Bagasse ash) and eggshell as reinforcement particulates for metal matrix composites for developing wind blades. The study also reviews the method of production of matrix composites. From the results obtained via the review, it is clear that the application of eggshells assists as a binding element for proper mixture, and the combination of Al–Si–Mg alloy with coconut rice and shell improves the strength of the material, since wind blades need durable materials and ductility due to their aerodynamic shape to convert enough energy from the wind.

Revolutionizing Aluminum-Based Composites: Enhancing Strength with Eggshell and Bagasse Ash Reinforcement via Stir Casting

“…Eggshell and bagasse ash, often regarded as waste materials, possess untapped potential as reinforcements in composite materials, offering both economic and environmental advantages. Eggshells, primarily composed of calcium carbonate, exhibit inherent properties such as high hardness and stiffness, making them suitable candidates for enhancing the mechanical strength of composites [39]. Additionally, eggshells contain trace elements like magnesium and phosphorus, which could further contribute to the material's properties [40].On the other hand, bagasse ash, a by-product of sugarcane processing, is rich in silica and other minerals.…”

The Microstructure and Properties of Al–Mn–Cu–Zr Alloy after High-Energy Ball Milling and Hot-Press Sintering

“…High-strength light metallic alloys and composite materials are required for operating at high loads and elevated temperatures [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Due to a good combination of performance, economic, and processing properties, Al-matrix composites account for around 60-70% of all metalmatrix composites [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The development of aluminum-based alloys and Al-matrix composites with increased strength is an actual scientific issue that is dictated by relevant industrial requirements.…”

Trifolium repens L.-Like Periodic Micronano Structured Superhydrophobic Surface with Ultralow Ice Adhesion for Efficient Anti-Icing/Deicing

“…Drops of water on the surface of the leaf of Trifolium repens L. can roll off quickly without any residue. In addition, femtosecond laser processing technology is widely used due to its high machining accuracy and superb uniformity. , Herein, inspired by the water resistance and cold tolerance of Trifolium repens L. endowed by its micronano structure and low surface energy, we combined femtosecond laser processing technology and a boiling water treatment method to prepare an icephobic surface aluminum alloy (ISAl), as aluminum alloy is widely used in small-scale wind turbine blades . ISAl surface has a three-scale structure with a periodic microcrater array, nonuniform microclusters, and irregular nanosheets, so that it can maintain the stability of a Cassie–Baxter state and a low ice adhesion property in an extreme environment (low temperature, high relative humidity, and dynamic working conditions).…”

“…36,37 Herein, inspired by the water resistance and cold tolerance of Trifolium repens L. endowed by its micronano structure and low surface energy, we combined femtosecond laser processing technology and a boiling water treatment method to prepare an icephobic surface aluminum alloy (ISAl), as aluminum alloy is widely used in small-scale wind turbine blades. 38 ISAl surface has a threescale structure with a periodic microcrater array, nonuniform microclusters, and irregular nanosheets, so that it can maintain the stability of a Cassie−Baxter state and a low ice adhesion property in an extreme environment (low temperature, high relative humidity, and dynamic working conditions). In addition, great wear resistance ensures that ISAl can be reused many times during the icing−deicing cycle.…”