Aluminum-Air Batteries with Solid Hydrogel Electrolytes: Effect of pH Upon Cell Performance

Palma, Tonia M. Di; Migliardini, F.; Gaele, Maria F.; Corbo, P.

doi:10.1080/00032719.2019.1708923

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The preparation of the electrolytes was extensively described in previous studies. [8,14] Briefly, the anolyte was prepared by mixing PVA (Mowiol 10-98,Mw %61 000 Sigma-Aldrich) to 5 M HCl solution at a ratio of 150 mg mL À1 . The PVA and liquid solution were stirred at 60 C until PVA dissolution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The catholytes were saline Xanthan‐based hydrogels. [ 8 ] The saline hydrogels were prepared by mixing and kneading Xanthan powders (powders from Xanthomonas campestris , Sigma‐Aldrich) in KCl saturated solution at a ratio of 700 mg mL −1 at room temperature. The resulting electrolyte, hereafter XaKCl, was a soft and slightly gluey hydrogel with a water percentage of 60 wt% (Figure S2, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, although water on anodes in metal‐air batteries is detrimental, it is useful and necessary on cathodes because it allows efficient oxygen cathodic reactions, both in discharge (oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)) and during charging (oxygen evolution reaction (OER)), [ 8 ] and facilitates the ion diffusion toward catalytic sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Above all, aluminum‐air batteries based on aqueous electrolytes are primary batteries. In fact, in the reduction reaction on the metal anode during charging, the hydrogen ion or the hydrogen of the water is preferentially reduced to more positive potentials than that of aluminum, [ 8 ] namely

{2 H}^{+} {+ 2 e}^{-} \to H_{2} (E ° = 0 V)

2 {normalH}_{2} {O + 2 e}^{-} \to {2 OH}^{-} + {normalH}_{2} (E ° < - 0.4 V @ pH > 7, E ° \geq - 0.4 V @ pH \leq 7)

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rechargeable Aluminum‐Air Batteries Based on Aqueous Solid‐State Electrolytes

Gaele¹,

Palma²

2022

Energy Tech

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Due to the increase in renewable energy sources and the "green" transformations imposed by current legislation, the demand for new batteries is on the rise. [1] Presently, lithium battery technology dominates the market and, although large companies are still pushing this technology, the most mature to guarantee short-term results, various issues related to the procurement of raw materials, safety, disposal, and recycling of waste have led to new research fields to develop devices based on new electrochemical concepts [2] and to identify new materials to be used in storage devices that are safer and more environmentally friendly. [3] In this context, metal-air batteries constitute one of the most promising electrical energy storage devices. [4] In fact, the functioning of a metal-air battery is based on a redox reaction between a metal anode (typically Zn, Ca, Al, and Fe, in addition to Li) and a catalyzed cathode with an open structure that allows the reaction with oxygen in the atmosphere. These metals release more than one electron in the redox reaction, and this determines high theoretical capacity and high energy density when used in batteries in combination with suitable cathodes. [5] The metal-air batteries, as long as electrolytes and catalysts based on environmentally friendly materials are used, are the intrinsically safest and the most sustainable energy conversion devices, especially when solid electrolytes are employed. [6] Among the various metals considered as anode in metal-air batteries, aluminum is the material that has the most satisfactory parameters of economy/ecology and electrochemistry at the same time. [7] Valuable characteristics of aluminum are metal lightness, formation of trivalent ions in the redox reactions, which implies high theoretical volumetric and gravimetric capacities of the devices (four times compared to Li and 77% of Li, respectively), abundance in the earth's crust, low cost, and recyclability.Currently, aluminum-air batteries with the highest energy density are based on aqueous alkaline electrolytes. However, their widespread use is prevented by parasitic reactions caused by the presence of water in the electrolyte which, in contact with the anode, forms hydrogen and reduces the anodic efficiency. In particular, by depending on the pH, aluminum parasitic corrosion reactions arein alkaline medium. This last reaction is particularly critical for the operation of the battery, as it also determines corrosion and passivation of Al anode surfaces, which suppress electrochemical reactions, and the formation of solid products which clog the electrolyte. Above all, aluminum-air batteries based on aqueous electrolytes are primary batteries. In fact, in the reduction reaction on the metal anode during charging, the hydrogen ion or the hydrogen of the water is preferentially reduced to more positive potentials than that of aluminum, [8] namely

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

{2 H}^{+} {+ 2 e}^{-} \to H_{2} (E ° = 0 V)

2 {normalH}_{2} {O + 2 e}^{-} \to {2 OH}^{-} + {normalH}_{2} (E ° < - 0.4 V @ pH > 7, E ° \geq - 0.4 V @ pH \leq 7)

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rechargeable Aluminum‐Air Batteries Based on Aqueous Solid‐State Electrolytes

Gaele¹,

Palma²

2022

Energy Tech

Self Cite

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“…Xanthan is a high-molecular-weight exopolysaccharide produced by Xanthomonas bacteria . Its structure consists of a β-1,4-linked d -glucose backbone and a trisaccharide side chain consisting of β- d -mannose-(1,4)-β- d -glucuronic acid-(1,2)-α- d -mannose. , Although xanthan is a well-established product in the food industry, other applications include biomedical, drug delivery, oil recovery, and polymer electrolytes. ,− …”

Section: Bacterial-polymer-based Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial-Polymer-Based Electrolytes: Recent Progress and Applications

Torres

De-la-Torre

Gonzales

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Bacteria can naturally synthesize a wide range of biopolymers that have appealing material properties for numerous applications. In the past decade, the development of green electronics based on bacterial polymers has gained major attention. Polymer electrolytes are key components in electrochemical devices owing to their mechanical properties, thermal stability, and ionic conductivity. The present review focuses on the recent progress of bacterial-polymer-based electrolytes and their applications in electrochemical energy conversion and storage. First, we described the ion transfer mechanism of polymer electrolytes and the multiple approaches for improving ionic conductivity and mechanical properties. Then, we summarized the composition, performance, and approaches applied for the development of multiple bacterial polymer electrolytes, namely, polysaccharides, polyanhydrides, and polyesters. Lastly, the practical applications of bacterial-polymer-based electrolytes in electrochemical energy storage and conversion, namely, fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors, and other electrochemicals, are reviewed. Bacterial polymer electrolytes are presented as a fruitful, eco-friendly, and high-performance alternative for traditional solid polymer electrolytes.

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A Mechanistic Overview of the Current Status and Future Challenges of Aluminum Anode and Electrolyte in Aluminum‐Air Batteries

Nayem

Islam

Mostafa

et al. 2023

The Chemical Record

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Aluminum‐air batteries (AABs) are regarded as attractive candidates for usage as an electric vehicle power source due to their high theoretical energy density (8100 Wh kg−1), which is considerably higher than that of lithium‐ion batteries. However, AABs have several issues with commercial applications. In this review, we outline the difficulties and most recent developments in AABs technology, including electrolytes and aluminum anodes, as well as their mechanistic understanding. First, the impact of the Al anode and alloying on battery performance is discussed. Then we focus on the impact of electrolytes on battery performances. The possibility of enhancing electrochemical performances by adding inhibitors to electrolytes is also investigated. Additionally, the use of aqueous and non‐aqueous electrolytes in AABs is also discussed. Finally, the challenges and potential future research areas for the advancement of AABs are suggested.

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Aluminum-Air Batteries with Solid Hydrogel Electrolytes: Effect of pH Upon Cell Performance

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Rechargeable Aluminum‐Air Batteries Based on Aqueous Solid‐State Electrolytes

Rechargeable Aluminum‐Air Batteries Based on Aqueous Solid‐State Electrolytes

Bacterial-Polymer-Based Electrolytes: Recent Progress and Applications

A Mechanistic Overview of the Current Status and Future Challenges of Aluminum Anode and Electrolyte in Aluminum‐Air Batteries

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