Aluminium-containing scales in water distribution systems: Prevalence and composition

Snoeyink, Vernon L.; Schock, Michael R.; Sarin, P.; Wang, Lili; Chen, Abraham S. C.; Harmon, Stephen M.

doi:10.2166/aqua.2003.0042

Cited by 46 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The source of aluminum in finished drinking water may originate from raw water or be introduced from Al-based coagulants (Snoeyink et al, 2003). Previous investigations on residual aluminum conducted in China, the United States and the Europe, showed that aluminum salts used for coagulation could increase residual aluminum content significantly (Wang et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that aluminum ubiquitously existed in corrosion scales and loose deposits within cast iron pipes, lead pipes, plastic pipes and cement-mortar lined pipes (Snoeyink et al, 2003). The aluminum accumulated in pipe scale and sediments may release back into bulk water once the water chemistry or hydraulic condition changes, which could result in relatively high aluminum content in tap water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Deposition behavior of residual aluminum in drinking water distribution system: Effect of aluminum speciation

Zhang

Shi

Zhao

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition behavior of residual aluminum in drinking water distribution system: Effect of aluminum speciation

Zhang

Shi

Zhao

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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“…Relatively large amounts of arsenic (> 500 µg As/g solid) were found even in solids from systems exposed to relatively low concentrations of arsenic in the water (< 10 µg/L). Other studies have reported on the accumulation of radium, vanadium, and aluminum as well as other elements occurring in distribution system materials (Schock et al, 2008; Schock, 2005; Snoeyink et al, 2003; Valentine & Stearns, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Particulate arsenic release in a drinking water distribution system

Lytle¹,

Sorg²,

Muhlen³

et al. 2010

Journal AWWA

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Trace contaminants have been shown to accumulate in solids found in drinking water distribution systems and can potentially be released to the consumer—s tap water. The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate the source of high arsenic in consumers— tap water at a small drinking water system and assess the effect of the installation of a treatment system for iron/arsenic removal. Before treatment, water samples collected from home taps showed high arsenic concentrations (as high as 299 μg/L) that were attributable to iron solids found in the distribution system. In 29% of the tap water samples, arsenic concentrations in first‐draw water samples were greater than arsenic levels in water entering the distribution system. Color measurements proved to be good predictors of arsenic and iron levels in the tap water, and turbidity was a relatively poor predictive measurement.

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“…The presence of aluminum in water distribution systems can be due to aluminum in the source water, aluminum leached from distribution system materials and aluminum introduced to the water from aluminum containing coagulants [27]. Other factors that may affect aluminum concentration in drinking water are temperature, pH and turbidity of the water [28].…”

Section: Aluminum Concentration In Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Aluminum in Drinking Water between Two Residential Areas

Dzulfakar

Shaharuddin

Muhaimin

et al. 2011

Water

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A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sungai Lembing (SL) and Bukit Ubi (BU), Kuantan, Malaysia. The main objectives of this epidemiological study were to determine the aluminum concentration in drinking water, to compare with the government standard and to perform health risk assessment prediction among respondents from these two residential areas. A total of 100 respondents were selected from the study areas based on a few inclusive and exclusive criteria. Two duplicates of treated water samples were taken from each respondent's house using a 200 mL high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottle and 0.4 mL (69%) pure concentrated nitric acid added as preservative. Aluminum concentrations were analyzed using Lambda 25 UV/V spectrophotometer. The result showed that the mean concentration of aluminum in drinking water from SL was 0.11 ± 0.0634 mg/L and 0.12 ± 0.0462 mg/L for BU. The mean value of Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) in SL (0.0035 ± 0.0028 mg/kg/day) was lower compared to BU (0.0037 ± 0.0021 mg/kg/day). The Hazard Index (HI) calculation showed all respondents had HI less than 1. In conclusion, there was unlikely potential for adverse health effects from aluminum intake in drinking water. However, it was necessary for some action to be taken in order to reduce aluminum levels found in drinking water in both locations.

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Aluminium-containing scales in water distribution systems: Prevalence and composition

Cited by 46 publications

References 32 publications

Deposition behavior of residual aluminum in drinking water distribution system: Effect of aluminum speciation

Deposition behavior of residual aluminum in drinking water distribution system: Effect of aluminum speciation

Particulate arsenic release in a drinking water distribution system

Risk Assessment of Aluminum in Drinking Water between Two Residential Areas

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