Alum Sludge Thickening and Disposal

Abstract

It has been customary for water‐treatment plants using chemicals in the water‐treatment process to discharge waste sludge into a nearby natural water course. This practice is coming under increasing criticism from both the public and water‐quality agencies and is now becoming subject to regulation. This article describes pilot work subsequent to the receipt of specific discharge requirements set by the Regional Water Quality Control Bd.

Tuning Biological Nutrient Removal Plants

“…4 Nielsen et al (1973) found that after drying alum sludge at 103°C, 1.25H 2 O molecules per molecule of Al(OH) 3 remained. 5 This means that under steady state operation, the alum dosing location within the bioreactor is not critical; no saving of alum accrues from dosing in the anaerobic reactor where PO 4 is higher as the P is released again downstream where PO 4 concentrations are lower.…”