Alum (KAl(SO4)2.12H2O) - An Eco-friendly and Versatile Acid-catalyst in Organic Transformations: A Recent Update

Brahmachari, Goutam; Nurjamal, Khondekar; Begam, Sanchari; Mandal, Mullicka; Nayek, Nayana; Karmakar, Indrajit; Mandal, Bhagirath

doi:10.2174/2213346106666190307160332

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 206 publications

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“…However, this approach did not yield the desired results. Further research led to the discovery that alum requires catalysis under heating/ reflux conditions for the conversion of functional groups, [34] and the temperature was increased to 80 °C. After 24 hours, the desired product 2 a was achieved in a 94 % yield (entry 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing a Mild and Effective Catalyst, Alum (KAl(SO₄)₂⋅12H₂O), for Carbohydrate Protection

Chen,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

Asian J Org Chem

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This study aimed to optimize the per‐O‐acetylation, deacetylation, and benzylidene protection of carbohydrates and investigate the scope of saccharides via alum‐catalysis. Initially, optimization was based on the previously reported PTA‐catalyzed acetylation of glucose, but alum‐catalysis required heating conditions. The study expanded to investigate the per‐O‐acetylation of different saccharides, including galactose and mannose, which produced stereoisomeric mixtures. The study proposed a plausible reaction mechanism for the isomerization observed in galactose and xylose after acetylation. The mechanism involved chelation of the active alum‐catalyst with the O‐6 position and β‐type O‐1 position of galactopyranose to form a transition state complex via ring opening. This study investigated the generality of the de‐O‐acetylation method on a variety of carbohydrates using per‐O‐acetyl saccharide substrates bearing different functional groups. The direct protection of benzylidene in addition to acetylation/de‐O‐acetylation with a focus on optimizing reaction conditions for the synthesis of carbohydrate derivatives. Overall, the study offers insights into optimizing de‐acetylation, per‐O‐acetylation, and benzylidene protection investigating the scope of saccharides via alum‐catalysis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing a Mild and Effective Catalyst, Alum (KAl(SO₄)₂⋅12H₂O), for Carbohydrate Protection

Chen,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

Asian J Org Chem

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“…reported the synthesis of bis[spiro(quinazoline‐oxindole)] derivatives (9 examples) from isatins, isatoic anhydride and diamines, in the presence of KAl(SO 4 ) 2 .12H 2 O (Alum) as the catalyst (Scheme 111B) [206] . This eco‐friendly and versatile catalyst presents several advantages, since it presents no toxicity, it is easily available and can be reused without significant loss in activity, as recently reviewed in the literature [207] . Recently, Sengupta et al .…”

Section: Bis‐oxindole Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engaging Isatins in Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs) – Easy Access to Structural Diversity

Brandão

Marques

Carreiro

et al. 2021

The Chemical Record

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Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are a valuable tool in diversity‐oriented synthesis. Its application to privileged structures is gaining relevance in the fields of organic and medicinal chemistry. Isatin, due to its unique reactivity, can undergo different MCRs, affording multiple interesting scaffolds, namely oxindole‐derivatives (including spirooxindoles, bis‐oxindoles and 3,3‐disubstituted oxindoles) and even, under certain conditions, ring‐opening reactions occur that leads to other heterocyclic compounds. Over the past few years, new methodologies have been described for the application of this important and easily available starting material in MCRs. In this review, we explore these novelties, displaying them according to the structure of the final products obtained.

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“…Alum has been a veritable/useful catalyst in organic transformational reactions under heating/reflux and microwave irradiation resulting in myriads of synthetic derivatives with pharmacological and pharmaceutical applications [6,40]. Literature survey reveals that it serves as an efficient acid catalyst in implementing a galaxy of organic transformations and has attracted the attention of the synthetic chemists due to its inherent catalytic proficiency, low-cost, non-toxicity, and eco-friendliness.…”

Section: Alum As Catalyst In Organic Transformational Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Versatility of PAS individually or in synergism as; food preservative, medicine, water purifier, biotransformational and antimicrobial agents and sundry applications had been well documented [4][5][6]. The threat of AMR organisms over the decades has been accentuated by various anthropogenic activities such as heavy use and abuse of antibiotics, discharge of hospital and agricultural effluents resulting in serious socioeconomic challenges worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of such natural products used for therapeutic purposes for centuries is white alum or PA [7]. Notable advantages for the use of alum include cost effectiveness, availability, nontoxicity, reusability and ecofriendliness [6]. The potency of alum as an antimicrobial agent had been visibly demonstrated over the years through the myriads of its beneficial activities and relevance in a broad spectrum of human research and development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Antimicrobial Properties of Alum and Sundry Applications

Amadi¹

2020

Act Scie Micro

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Potassium aluminium sulphate (PAS) commonly referred to as 'potash alum (PA)', 'alum' or 'tawas' has recently drawn the attention of the scientific community as an efficient, safe and eco-friendly inorganic compound, commercially available and cost effective.It demonstrated a high propensity of antimicrobial activity in a variety of systems traditionally and scientifically. Several In vitro and In vivo studies report that alum individually or in synergism have antimicrobial properties against a broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal species and harnesses other activities beneficial to humans. This article has become crucial especially at a time when the world is bedevilled with antibiotic drug abuse resulting in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Alum, however, has found applications in a wide spectrum of human activities such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, textile and synthetic industries. This review presents an update of findings of this inorganic sulphate salt as an antimicrobial agent and miscellaneous applications.

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Alum (KAl(SO4)2.12H2O) - An Eco-friendly and Versatile Acid-catalyst in Organic Transformations: A Recent Update

Cited by 11 publications

References 206 publications

Utilizing a Mild and Effective Catalyst, Alum (KAl(SO₄)₂⋅12H₂O), for Carbohydrate Protection

Utilizing a Mild and Effective Catalyst, Alum (KAl(SO₄)₂⋅12H₂O), for Carbohydrate Protection

Engaging Isatins in Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs) – Easy Access to Structural Diversity

A Review of Antimicrobial Properties of Alum and Sundry Applications

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Alum (KAl(SO4)2.12H2O) - An Eco-friendly and Versatile Acid-catalyst in Organic Transformations: A Recent Update

Cited by 11 publications

References 206 publications

Utilizing a Mild and Effective Catalyst, Alum (KAl(SO4)2⋅12H2O), for Carbohydrate Protection

Utilizing a Mild and Effective Catalyst, Alum (KAl(SO4)2⋅12H2O), for Carbohydrate Protection

Engaging Isatins in Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs) – Easy Access to Structural Diversity

A Review of Antimicrobial Properties of Alum and Sundry Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Utilizing a Mild and Effective Catalyst, Alum (KAl(SO₄)₂⋅12H₂O), for Carbohydrate Protection

Utilizing a Mild and Effective Catalyst, Alum (KAl(SO₄)₂⋅12H₂O), for Carbohydrate Protection