Altitudinal variation in size effects on plant reproductive effort and somatic costs of reproduction

Hemborg, Å.M.; Karlsson, P. S.

doi:10.1080/11956860.1998.11682495

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Our results are in line with earlier studies where no reproductive costs were found (Horvitz and Schemske 1988;Calvo 1990;Fox and Stevens 1991;Jennersten 1991). For example, Jöns-son and Tuomi (1994) and Hemborg (1998) discussed the existence of strong selection against individual plants expressing high reproductive costs, and Hemborg (1998) proposed further that reproductive investment is often negatively related to altitude and short growing seasons. On the other hand, Calvo (1990) postulated that perennials may store resources not currently invested and buffer reproduction and growth in short periods later on.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Costs of reproduction in circumpolar Parnassia palustris L. in light of global warming

Sandvik

Eide

2009

Plant Ecol

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Life-history theories predict competition and compromises between different reproductive and somatic (e.g., growth) functions in plants. This study concerns the costs of reproduction in an alpine herb, Parnassia palustris L., in light of global warming. The field experiments involved manipulations of temperature regime using open top chambers, and manipulations of the current level of reproductive investment by supplemental hand-pollination (SP) and bud removal (BR). The study continued for 2 years and costs of reproduction were evaluated in the second year by comparing reproductive outputs and growth between treatment groups. Flower manipulations carried out the first year had no statistically significant effect on reproductive or somatic variables in the second year, which suggests that reproductive costs in P. palustris are limited. Increased temperature, however, had a positive effect on a range of reproductive traits such as seed number, seed mass per fruit, mass per seed, and ratios between reproductive outputs and growth, but had no statistically significant influence on growth. No statistically significant interaction effects between flower manipulation and warming were revealed, which implies that the effects of flower manipulation in the first year does not differ statistically significantly between the two temperature regimes in the next year. We conclude that the lack of reproductive costs found in P. palustris at Finse expresses that resources are not restricted under a level that will induce high costs of reproduction. Furthermore, higher temperatures do not affect the costs, and finally, it appears that the reproductive costs are finetune controlled, which implies optimizing rather than maximizing of reproductive and somatic outputs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Costs of reproduction in circumpolar Parnassia palustris L. in light of global warming

Sandvik

Eide

2009

Plant Ecol

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“…Moreover, in high altitudes cost of reproduction can be minimized, especially in long-lived plants, as a result of weather anomalies which often cause reproductive failure. The saved resources may contribute to reducing reproductive cost in years of fruit production (Hemborg 1998;Hemborg and Karlsson 1998;Obeso 2002).…”

Section: Radial Growth Increment (Mean) (Mm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does a heavy fruit crop reduce the tree ring increment? Results from a 12-year study in a subalpine zone

Żywiec

Zielonka

2013

Trees

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Life history theory posits that an increased investment in reproduction should result in decreased vegetative investment. Switching resources from growth to reproduction are also expected in species experiencing selection pressure for high variation of seed crops. In this study, we tested whether the reproductive effort of trees, measured as the number of fruits produced, is related to their radial growth increment. We examined a population of Sorbus aucuparia, a fleshy-fruited tree species with highly variable interannual individual fruit production growing in the subalpine zone and under strong selection pressure from pre-dispersal seed predators. We used 12-year data to test the relationship between fruit crop and radial growth increments in current, previous and subsequent years, and found no trade-off between growth and reproduction. For almost all trees, there was no correlation between fruit crop and radial growth increment in the same year or next year. Only a few trees showed a positive correlation between fruit crop and previous-year growth. In the statistics, we took advantage of the high variability of individual fruit crops in high production years. In four heavy crop years, we compared the radial growth increments of trees with heavy crops with those of trees with low fruit crops. Current and next-year radial growth did not differ between trees with low and high fruit crops. In all those years, however, trees having heavy fruit crops had higher previous-year growth increments. We suggest that the harsh subalpine weather conditions account for the lack of a trade-off between growth and reproduction in the studied population.

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“…Small size is expected to reflect adaptation to harsher conditions and to shorter growing seasons, and is a common feature of alpine ecotypes in native species (e.g., Blanckenhorn 1997;Clausen et al 1941;Galen et al 1991;Körner 1999). Along elevationnal gradients, native herbaceous species were found to show a decrease in plant size and growth rate (Hemborg and Karlsson 1998;von Arx et al 2006). This parallels clinal variation in size that has been observed in different invasive species, including both plants and animals, along latitudinal gradients that may represent similar climatic variation (e.g., Huey et al 2000;Kollmann and Banuelos 2004;Weber and Schmid 1998).…”

Section: Adaptive Mechanisms Leading To Clinal Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinal differentiation during invasion: Senecio inaequidens (Asteraceae) along altitudinal gradients in Europe

Monty

Mahy

2008

Oecologia

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Abstract:The dynamics of plant population differentiation may be integral in predicting aspects of introduced species invasion. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that European populations of Senecio inaequidens (Asteraceae), an invasive species with South African origins, differentiated during migration from two independent introduction sites into divergent altitudinal and climatic zones. We carried out 2 years of common garden experiments with eight populations sampled from Belgian and ten populations from French altitudinal transects. The Belgian transect followed a temperature and precipitation gradient. A temperature and summer drought gradient characterized the French transect. We evaluated differentiation and clinal variation in plants germinated from field-collected seed using the following traits: days to germination, days to flowering, height at maturity, final plant height and aboveground bio-mass. Results showed that S. inaequidens populations differentiated in growth traits during invasion. During the 1st year of sampling, the results indicated clinal variation for growth traits along both the Belgium and French altitudinal transects. Data from the 2nd year of study demonstrated that with increasing altitude, a reduction in three growth traits, including plant height at maturity, final plant height and aboveground biomass, was detected along the French transect, but no longer along the Belgian one. Phenological traits did not exhibit a clear clinal variation along altitudinal transects. The possible evolutionary causes for the observed differentiation are discussed.

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Altitudinal variation in size effects on plant reproductive effort and somatic costs of reproduction

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Costs of reproduction in circumpolar Parnassia palustris L. in light of global warming

Costs of reproduction in circumpolar Parnassia palustris L. in light of global warming

Does a heavy fruit crop reduce the tree ring increment? Results from a 12-year study in a subalpine zone

Clinal differentiation during invasion: Senecio inaequidens (Asteraceae) along altitudinal gradients in Europe

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