Altitudinal impacts on chemical content and composition of Hypericum perforatum, a prominent medicinal herb

Seyis, Fatih; Yurteri, Emine; Özcan, Aysel; Çırak, Cüneyt

doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2020.09.034

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The pharmacological properties of Hypericum perforatum are due to a number of bioactive molecules, among which the most important and characteristic of this species are hyperforin (HPF) and hypericin, usually present in the total hydro-alcoholic SJW extract within a range of concentrations of 1–5% and 0.1–0.3%, respectively. Additional active compounds, such as hyperoside, rutin, quercetin, several catechins and other polyphenols are often contained in the total extract of SJW, although with a large variability of concentrations, mainly depending on seasonal fluctuations and the geographic origin of plant [ 102 , 103 , 104 ].…”

Section: Hypericum Perforatum or St John’s Wormentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Tumor Activity of Hypericum perforatum L. and Hyperforin through Modulation of Inflammatory Signaling, ROS Generation and Proton Dynamics

2020

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In this paper we review the mechanisms of the antitumor effects of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s wort, SJW) and its main active component hyperforin (HPF). SJW extract is commonly employed as antidepressant due to its ability to inhibit monoamine neurotransmitters re-uptake. Moreover, further biological properties make this vegetal extract very suitable for both prevention and treatment of several diseases, including cancer. Regular use of SJW reduces colorectal cancer risk in humans and prevents genotoxic effects of carcinogens in animal models. In established cancer, SJW and HPF can still exert therapeutic effects by their ability to downregulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit pro-survival kinases, angiogenic factors and extracellular matrix proteases, thereby counteracting tumor growth and spread. Remarkably, the mechanisms of action of SJW and HPF include their ability to decrease ROS production and restore pH imbalance in tumor cells. The SJW component HPF, due to its high lipophilicity and mild acidity, accumulates in membranes and acts as a protonophore that hinders inner mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization, inhibiting mitochondrial ROS generation and consequently tumor cell proliferation. At the plasma membrane level, HPF prevents cytosol alkalization and extracellular acidification by allowing protons to re-enter the cells. These effects can revert or at least attenuate cancer cell phenotype, contributing to hamper proliferation, neo-angiogenesis and metastatic dissemination. Furthermore, several studies report that in tumor cells SJW and HPF, mainly at high concentrations, induce the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, likely by collapsing the mitochondrial membrane potential. Based on these mechanisms, we highlight the SJW/HPF remarkable potentiality in cancer prevention and treatment.

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Section: Hypericum Perforatum or St John’s Wormentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Tumor Activity of Hypericum perforatum L. and Hyperforin through Modulation of Inflammatory Signaling, ROS Generation and Proton Dynamics

2020

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“…The most typical ones present in Hypericum genus and most abundantly in Hypericum perforatum [82] are the prenylated acylphloroglucinol HPF and the naphthodianthrone HYP, at concentrations that in common commercial preparations are about 1-5% and 0.1-0.3%, respectively. Other constituents are present in varying amounts in different SJW preparations (Table 1), e.g., flavonoids such as rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, catechins, quercetin, and various quercetin glycosides; biflavones like biapigenin and amentoflavone; phenylpropanes like chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acid [82][83][84][85]. Each of these constituents is usually present in low amounts, with occasional exceptions mainly due to the ample variability of the primary material ("materia prima").…”

Section: Sjw and Its Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SJW extract, in fact, was reported to display significant free radical scavenging properties both in vitro and in human placental vein [119]. Feisst observed that HPF, with an IC50 of 0.3 µM, inhibited ROS generation and degranulation in human isolated PMN cells challenged by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) [84].…”

Section: Free Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Activity Of Sjw And Hpfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Role of St. John’s Wort and Its Components Hyperforin and Hypericin against Diabetes through Inhibition of Inflammatory Signaling: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Novelli

Masiello

Beffy

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Diabetes mellitus is a very common chronic disease with progressively increasing prevalence. Besides the well-known autoimmune and inflammatory pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, in many people, metabolic changes and inappropriate lifestyle favor a subtle chronic inflammatory state that contributes to development of insulin resistance and progressive loss of β-cell function and mass, eventually resulting in metabolic syndrome or overt type 2 diabetes. In this paper, we review the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s wort, SJW) and its main active ingredients firstly in representative pathological situations on inflammatory basis and then in pancreatic β cells and in obese or diabetic animal models. The simultaneous and long-lasting inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways involved in pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced β-cell dysfunction/death and insulin resistance make SJW particularly suitable for both preventive and therapeutic use in metabolic diseases. Hindrance of inflammatory cytokine signaling is likely dependent on the hyperforin content of SJW extract, but recent data reveal that hypericin can also exert relevant protective effects, mediated by activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase cAMP-dependent (PKA)/adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, against high-fat-diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. Actually, the mechanisms of action of the two main components of SJW appear complementary, strengthening the efficacy of the plant extract. Careful quantitative analysis of SJW components and suitable dosage, with monitoring of possible drug–drug interaction in a context of remarkable tolerability, are easily achievable pre-requisites for forthcoming clinical applications.

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“…Holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) leaves typically show contents of up to about 0.034 mg/g quercetinhexosides in d.w. [22]. For neochlorogenic acid, St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), it is a typical herb with up to about 17.8 mg/g d.w. [23]. The flavonoid rutin, of which buckwheat is an excellent source, deserves special attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of Phenolic Acids Are Differently Genetically Determined in Leaves, Flowers, and Grain of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

Vollmannová

Musilová

Lidiková

et al. 2021

Plants

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Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a valuable source of proteins, B vitamins, manganese, tryptophan, phytochemicals with an antioxidant effect, and the natural flavonoid rutin. Due to its composition, buckwheat supports the human immune system, regulates blood cholesterol, and is suitable for patients with diabetes or celiac disease. The study aimed to compare the allocation of selected phenolic acids (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, trans-caffeic acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, trans-sinapic acid, trans-ferulic acid) and flavonoids (rutin, vitexin, quercetin, kaempferol) in the leaves, flowers, and grain of buckwheat cultivars of different origin. The content of individual phenolics was determined by the HPLC-DAD method. The results confirmed the determining role of cultivar on the relative content of chlorogenic acid, trans-caffeic acid, trans-sinapic acid, vitexin, and kaempferol in buckwheat plants. A significantly negative correlation among concentrations of phenolic acids in different common buckwheat plant parts shows that there are different mechanisms of genetic influences on the concentration of phenolic substances in common buckwheat flowers, leaves, and grain. These differences should be taken into account when breeding buckwheat for a high concentration of selected phenolic substances.

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Altitudinal impacts on chemical content and composition of Hypericum perforatum, a prominent medicinal herb

Cited by 29 publications

References 67 publications

Anti-Tumor Activity of Hypericum perforatum L. and Hyperforin through Modulation of Inflammatory Signaling, ROS Generation and Proton Dynamics

Anti-Tumor Activity of Hypericum perforatum L. and Hyperforin through Modulation of Inflammatory Signaling, ROS Generation and Proton Dynamics

Protective Role of St. John’s Wort and Its Components Hyperforin and Hypericin against Diabetes through Inhibition of Inflammatory Signaling: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Concentrations of Phenolic Acids Are Differently Genetically Determined in Leaves, Flowers, and Grain of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

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