Altitudinal Gradient Affects on Trees and Stand Attributes in Mount Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Understanding the effect of altitude on trees and stand attributes of tropical forests is crucial for the development of effective management and conservation strategies. However, study on this issue in Mount Ciremai National Park is still lacking. A total of 136 plots were set on the eastern slope of Mount Ciremai in Mount Ciremai National Park and investigated in six different altitudes: 500 m a.s.l., 840 m a.s.l., 1,300 m a.s.l., 1,400 m a.s.l., 1,780 m a.s.l., and 2,530 m a.s.l. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of altitude to trees and stand attributes i.e. species and family richness, tree density, basal area, and tree biomass. The changes on trees and stand attributes to altitudinal gradient were analyzed using regression analysis. The result showed that tree species number, family number, tree basal area, and tree biomass significantly declined with increasing altitude, meanwhile tree density significantly increased with increasing altitude. These findings indicate a distinct effect of altitude on tree and stand attributes in Mount Ciremai National Park.

Structure and composition of trees in Mount Tilu Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia

“…Conversely, tree size tended to decrease with increasing altitude which is in line with the other studies as reported by Culmsee et al (2010), Reddy et al (2010), and Coomes and Allen (2007). In addition to altitude (Rozak and Gunawan 2015), light competition and nutrient composition influence tree density (Coomes and Allen 2007;Wagner et al 2011). Besides the higher density, the species composition at higher altitudes was also more homogeneous, especially in Plot 3.…”

“…Furthermore, Lithocarpus pallidus, Ficus fistulosa, Phobea grandis, Castanopsis cuspidata, and Trema amboinensis, were reported by Cahyanto et al (2018). Floristic compositions are thought to be related to habitat conditions, soil conditions, topography, distance between locations, altitude, and the number of samples and the sampling techniques used (Coomes and Allen 2007;Baraloto et al 2013;Rozak and Gunawan 2015;Chian et al 2016;Salvana et al 2019).…”

Zonation Drives The Abundance of Understory Exotic Plant Species in Ir. Djuanda Forest Park, West Java

“…The zonation effect on vegetation in an in situ conservation area has been reported by other studies (Aiba & Kitayama (1999), Fujii et al (2006), Mutaqien et al (2008), Nishimura et al (2006), Rozak and Gunawan (2015), Willinghofer et al (2012)). However, the study on the zonation effects in an ex situ conservation area, particularly in Ir.…”

Distribution of tree species around springs and trees-springs interplay possibility in the springs area of Soloraya, Central Java, Indonesia

“…Furthermore, ordination method was carried out to confirm the general relationship between the presence of tree species around springs and the environmental factors of species distribution highlighted (elevation, rainfall, and air temperature) by canonical correspondence analysis (TerBraak and Vendonschot 1995; McCune and Grace 2002) using PC-ORD software. Elevation was the factor determining species composition or distribution (Yamada 1990;Siebert 2005;Rozak and Gunawan 2015;Afrianto et al 2017). Rainfall and air temperature were also the important factors for species distribution.…”