Altitude‐Related Hypertension

Handler, Joel

doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2009.00083.x

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A previous randomized clinical trial reported progressive increases in both conventional and ambulatory BP with increasing altitude (Parati et al 2014). However, research studying the association between high altitude and hypertension in children is lacking (Handler 2009;Aryal et al 2016). Usual residence at an altitude of 2,500 m or above is the delimitation for high altitude (Moore et al 1998;Niermeyer et al 2001) because individuals might experience adverse symptoms such as hyperventilation, increased heart rate, vomiting, dizziness, and weakness above this elevation (Moore et al 1998;Niermeyer et al 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Blood pressure levels among Indigenous children living at different altitudes

Hirschler

Molinari

Maccallini³

et al. 2019

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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The objective was to compare blood pressure (BP) levels in 2 groups of Indigenous Argentine school children from similar ethnic backgrounds but living at different altitudes. One hundred and fifty-two (46.3%) children (age, 4–14 years) from San Antonio de los Cobres (SAC), at 3750 m above sea level, and 176 children (53.7%) from Chicoana (CH), at 1400 m above sea level, participated in this cross-sectional study. Data for children’s anthropometry, BP, glucose, lipids, vitamin D, and insulin, as well as mothers’ height and weight were assessed. Hypertension was defined as BP ≥ 95th percentile. The prevalence of overweight/obesity among children was significantly lower in SAC (n = 17, 11.2%) than in CH (n = 74, 42%) (body mass index (BMI) > 85th percentile per US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention norms). However, the prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher among children in SAC (n = 15, 9.9%) than among those in CH (n = 2, 1.1%). Children were divided into 4 groups by mean arterial BP quartiles for comparison by ANOVA. As mean arterial BP increased, age, BMI, glucose, triglycerides, triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin levels increased significantly. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that children’s mean arterial BP was significantly associated with altitude adjusted for confounding variables (R2 = 0.42). Furthermore, when mean arterial BP was replaced by systolic BP (R2 = 0.51) or diastolic BP (R2 = 0.33), similar results were obtained. Our results suggest that Indigenous children who live permanently at high altitude have higher levels of BP, adjusted for confounding variables. Routine BP measurements conducted in the SAC community could be essential for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

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confidence: 99%

Blood pressure levels among Indigenous children living at different altitudes

Hirschler

Molinari

Maccallini³

et al. 2019

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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“…21,22 Several factors in addition to lower air pressure have been suggested to be responsible for this, such as hypoxia, low temperatures, wind, stress and dehydration. 23,24 In contrast, chronic effects of living at high altitudes have been controversial. 25 However, the subjects in this study lived at altitudes between 29 and 485 m in height.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altitudes of residential areas affect salt intake in a rural area in Japan: a Shimane CoHRE Study

et al. 2015

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There is increasing evidence of an association between residential environments and hypertension. As shown in our previous study, the inconvenience of the locations of residential areas may be one of the factors influencing the blood pressures of inhabitants. Salt intake is one of the likely mediators between inconvenience and hypertension. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the association between the altitudes of residential areas and salt intake in a rural Japanese region because altitude may be one of the proxies for inconvenience. In this cross-sectional study, 1016 participants living in a mountainous region in Japan were recruited during health examinations. The altitude of each participant's residence was estimated using a geographic information system. Subjects were divided into quartile groups according to the altitudes of their residences. To evaluate salt intake, we employed the 24-h salt intake estimation of Kawano et al. (e24-h salt intake) and the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio (uNa/K). Linear regression analyses indicated that altitude was an independent factor influencing both e24-h salt intake and uNa/K after adjustments for age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption, triglycerides and county of residence. The same result was observed when the subjects who did not take antihypertensive medications were analyzed (N=633). The present study indicated that altitude of residence had a significant positive influence on salt intake in a rural area of Japan.

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“…Most of the studies showed that higher altitude correlated with rising BP. 2,5 Susceptible individuals undergoing short-term ascents above 2,500 m showed an acute effect on BP. This change in BP is due to many factors, the important one being the effect of hypoxia causing activation of sympathetic nervous system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The results of various research generally support the positive relationship between arterial BP and higher altitude. [1][2][3][4][5] Individual predisposition is very important, as the effect of higher altitude appears to vary both between and within individuals. 6 Even there are differences in susceptibility among races.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Altitude on Blood Pressure

Verma¹,

Pal²

2017

Hypertension Journal

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The effect of higher altitude over the blood pressure (BP) is not exactly known, and it appears to vary both between and within individuals. The effects of lower temperature, light, increased physical stress, and duration of living at higher altitude also play a significant role. Most of the studies showed that higher altitude correlated with rising BP. This change in BP is due to many factors, the important one being the effect of hypoxia causing activation of sympathetic nervous system. Activation of sympathetic nervous system causes an increase in cardiac output, heart rate, and peripheral vasoconstriction, which lead to increase in BP. The incidence of BP in high latitudes is controversial; some research shows greater rates while others show lesser rates of hypertension in these individuals. It may be due to the effects of multiple other confounding factors like genetic, ecological, and lifestyle variables. Hence, increasing popularity of high-altitude travel needs further research to evaluate this problem. Furthermore, the implications of altitude-induced hypertension for cardiovascular risk and end-organ damage require more clarification.

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Altitude‐Related Hypertension

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Blood pressure levels among Indigenous children living at different altitudes

Blood pressure levels among Indigenous children living at different altitudes

Altitudes of residential areas affect salt intake in a rural area in Japan: a Shimane CoHRE Study

Effect of Altitude on Blood Pressure

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