Altitude, Attitude and Adaptation

Myers, Dean A.; Ducsay, Charles A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1031-1_13

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Fetal growth restriction has been observed in women who live, or carry their pregnancy, at high altitude (387), and the risk of developing preeclampsia is higher in these populations than in those nearer to sea level (197). The mechanisms leading to these observations, however, are complex, involving evolutionary adaptations in both placental and maternal cardiovascular function (258,272). The longterm "programming" effects of high altitude on offspring health are not fully understood and would be an interesting area of future study.…”

Section: High Altitudementioning

confidence: 99%

In Utero Origins of Hypertension: Mechanisms and Targets for Therapy

Morton

Cooke

Davidge³

2016

Physiological Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The developmental origins of health and disease theory is based on evidence that a suboptimal environment during fetal and neonatal development can significantly impact the evolution of adult-onset disease. Abundant evidence exists that a compromised prenatal (and early postnatal) environment leads to an increased risk of hypertension later in life. Hypertension is a silent, chronic, and progressive disease defined by elevated blood pressure (>140/90 mmHg) and is strongly correlated with cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms, however, are complex and poorly understood, and hypertension continues to be one of the most resilient health problems in modern society. Research into the programming of hypertension has proposed pharmacological treatment strategies to reverse and/or prevent disease. In addition, modifications to the lifestyle of pregnant women might impart far-reaching benefits to the health of their children. As more information is discovered, more successful management of hypertension can be expected to follow; however, while pregnancy complications such as fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, preterm birth, etc., continue to occur, their offspring will be at increased risk for hypertension. This article reviews the current knowledge surrounding the developmental origins of hypertension, with a focus on mechanistic pathways and targets for therapeutic and pharmacologic interventions.

show abstract

Section: High Altitudementioning

confidence: 99%

In Utero Origins of Hypertension: Mechanisms and Targets for Therapy

Morton

Cooke

Davidge³

2016

Physiological Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among the varied brain structures involved in response strategy choice to the stress of diverse etiology, PVH seems to be the most important structure that regulates HPA activity through CRH secretion [1,2]. It has also been proven with respect to the role of PVH and HPA in adapting to long term hypoxia [20]. The physiological significance of HPA in adaptation mechanisms is determined by the key role of glucocorticoids, which can influence on neuronal plasticity using genomic and non-genomic effects [2,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia and neuroendocrine reaction of the parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Shamenko¹,

Kadzharian²,

Абрамов³

2019

Patologìâ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The neuroendocrine system occupies an important place in the systemic mechanisms of the body response to stress. The paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus (PVH) are one of the most important links of the brain`s neuroendocrine system which determine the reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) in response to the various stressors and thereby ensure the development of adaptive reactions by the formation of body resistance to the stress. The aim of the research was to study the functional state of the peptidergic neurons of the medial parvocellular nuclei of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVHmp) during the multi-day action of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia and in the posthypoxic period. Materials and methods. The research was conducted on 24 male Wistar rats. Intermittent hypoxia was modeled by a daily 6-hour stay of rats at an altitude of 6000 m (pO 2 = 9.8 %) for 15 days, the posthypoxic period lasted for 10 days. The distribution of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), [Arg 8 ]-vasopressin (AVP), β-endorphin, cFos and HIF-1α proteins was studied by quantitative immunofluorescence methods in serial frontal sections of the hypothalamus. Results. The intermittent hypobaric hypoxia stimulated the developing of mild hypertrophy of PVHmp neurons and increased the concentration of RNA in the cytoplasm by 37 %. An indicator of PVHmp neurons response to hypoxia was 2.5-fold increase in the concentration of the HIF-1α protein in them. IHH elevated the concentration of cFos protein in PVHmp by 37 %, increased the area of immunoreactivity to AVP by 2.5 times, to CRH and β-endorphin by 3 times. There was an increase in the synthesis of neuropeptides in response to hypoxia, which led to the elevation in the concentration of AVP in PVHmp by 6.6 times, β-endorphin by 7 times, and CRH by 8.5 times. The immunoreactivity indicators for the HIF-1α protein and its concentration in PVHmp remained at a high level in the posthypoxic period. At the same time, high immunoreactivity to CRH and β-endorphin in PVHmp was noted, as well as a high concentration of these neuropeptides in neurons against the background of AVP synthesis inhibition in neurons. It is possible that high rates of neurosecretory activity of PVHmp in the posthypoxic period may indicate the formation of neuroendocrine mechanisms of adaptation of the HPA axis to the long-term effect of hypoxia. Conclusions. Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia stimulates the neurosecretory activity of the PVHmp neurons, increases the synthesis and secretion of CRH and AVP hormones that activate the HPA axis. Synthesis of the secretory response indicator cFos protein and a central regulator of hypoxic responses HIF-1α protein is also increasing in the peptidergic neurons of the PVHmp. High levels of the PVHmp neurosecretory activity at the posthypoxic period are preserved and indicate the formation of neuroendocrine mechanisms of the HPA axis adaptation to the long term intermittent hypoxia exposures.

show abstract

“…Some studies indicate that prolonged exposure to HA result in decreased leptin levels (26). However, a large body of research found that HA is associated with increased serum leptin levels (14). A similar contradiction exists in the studies examining serum leptin levels in PE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of High Altitude on Maternal Serum Leptin Level and Its Correlation with Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Inflammatory Markers in Preeclamptic Women

Morsy

et al. 2018

Chin. J. Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Involvement of leptin in the pathogensis of preeclampsia (PE) is still a controversy subject. Several researches reported the changes in serum leptin in high altitude (HA) residents. The aim of the present work was to investigate the impact of oxidative stress (OS) induced by HA residence on maternal serum leptin in PE and if there was a significant correlation between the serum leptin with either OS or endothelial inflammatory markers. One hundred fifty eight pregnant women were included in this study, divided into: low altitude normal pregnancies (NL), HA normal pregnancies (NH), low altitude preeclamptic (PL), and HA preeclamptic (PH) who presented to the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic in both Muhayl (500 m over sea level) and Abha General Hospitals (all of them resident at Alsoda district with the average altitude 2700 m over sea level). Serum leptin, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma nitrite/nitrate (NOx), serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were determined. Both NH and PL groups showed significant increases in leptin (P< 0.01), SOD (P < 0.01), MDA (P< 0.001), NOx (P < 0.001), TNF-α (P < 0.001) and IL-6 (P < 0.001) compared with the NL group without any significant changes between both groups. The PH group showed significant accentuation of the previously measured parameters (P< 0.001 for all) compared with all other groups (NL, NH and PL groups). We can conclude that the combination of PE and HA residence resulted in significantly elevated maternal serum leptin suggesting involvement of leptin in the pathogenesis of PE accentuated by HA residence.

show abstract

Altitude, Attitude and Adaptation

Cited by 12 publications

References 56 publications

In Utero Origins of Hypertension: Mechanisms and Targets for Therapy

In Utero Origins of Hypertension: Mechanisms and Targets for Therapy

Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia and neuroendocrine reaction of the parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Impact of High Altitude on Maternal Serum Leptin Level and Its Correlation with Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Inflammatory Markers in Preeclamptic Women

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About