Alternatives to herbicides in an apple orchard, effects on yield, earthworms and plant diversity

Andersen, Lillie; Kühn, Birka Falk; Bertelsen, Marianne; Bruus, Marianne; Larsen, Søren E.; Strandberg, Morten Tune

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2013.04.004

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Pesticides may disturb food webs since they are not only lethal to crop pests but also to beneficiary insects as well as pollinators (Biddinger et al 2013;Geiger et al 2011;Thompson 2003). Herbicides may also disturb natural nutrient decomposition by killing beneficiary earthworms, fungi and bacteria in soil (Oliveira and Merwin 2001;Andersen et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem services in orchards. A review

Demestihas

Plénet

Génard

et al. 2017

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Arboriculture must maintain acceptable fruit production levels while preserving natural resources. This duality can be analyzed with the concept of ecosystem service. We reviewed the literature on orchards to explain how ecological functions modified by agricultural practices provide six ecosystem services-fruit production, climate regulation, soil nitrogen availability, water regulation, pest and disease control, and pollination-and which indicators could describe them. The major points are, first, that orchards have a high potential of multiple services. They can sequester from 2.4 to 12.5 t C/ha/year. Their perennial character and multi-strata habitat, as well as the opportunity of creating diversified hedgerows and cover crops in alleys, may contribute to a high level of biodiversity and related services. Second, every service depends on many functions. Fruit yield, which could reach up to 140 t/ha in apple orchards, is increased by light interception, carbon allocation, and nitrogen and water uptake. Third, agricultural practices in orchards have a strong impact on ecosystem functions and, consequently, on ecosystem services. Overfertilization enhances nitrogen leaching, which reduces soil nitrogen availability for the plant and deteriorates the quality of drained water. Groundcover increases humification and reduces denitrification and runoff, thus enhancing soil nitrogen availability and water regulation. It also enhances biotic interactions responsible for pest control and pollination. Pruning may increase fruit quality trough a better carbon allocation but decreases pest control by fostering the dynamics of aphids. To study multiple ecosystem services in orchards, we suggest using models capable of simulating service profiles and their variation according to management scenarios. We then refer to the available literature to show that conflicts between provisioning and regulating services can be mitigated by agricultural practices. Improved knowledge of soil processes and carbon balance as well as new models that address multiple services are necessary to foster research on ecosystem service relationships in orchards.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem services in orchards. A review

Demestihas

Plénet

Génard

et al. 2017

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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“…In agriculture [15], including fruit production [16,17], one can currently observe the trend towards reduced use of chemical substances in favor of alternative weed control methods. The floor management system that has been prevalent in Polish orchards involves perennial grass cover between the tree rows only, whereas herbicide fallow still remains the most common solution applied to the tree rows [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The weed composition in an orchard as a result of long-term foliar herbicide application

Licznar-Małańczuk

Sygutowska

2016

Acta Agrobot

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The weed composition and the dominance of individual species occurring in an orchard were assessed at the Research Station of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland, during the first 10 years after orchard establishment. ‘Ligol’ apple trees were planted in the spring of 2004 (3.5 × 1.2 m). Foliar herbicides were applied in 1 m wide tree rows twice or three times per each vegetation period. In the inter-row spaces, perennial grass was maintained.Ten years of maintenance of herbicide fallow contributed to a change in the weed composition in the orchard. It changed as a result of different responses of the most important weed species to the foliar herbicides. Total suppression of Elymus repens was observed in the first year after planting the trees. Convolvulus arvensis, Cirsium arvense, and other perennial weeds, completely disappeared in the succeeding periods. The maintenance of herbicide fallow did not affect the abundance of Taraxacum officinale. The percentage of the soil surface covered by Trifolium repens and Epilobium adenocaulon, perennial weeds with considerable tolerance to post-emergence herbicides, increased during the fruit-bearing period of the trees. The abundance of these weeds was significantly reduced only in the rows with the stronger growing trees on the semi-dwarf P 2 rootstock. Stellaria media was the dominant annual weed. Senecio vulgaris, Poa annua, Capsella bursa-pastoris, and Lamium spp. were also frequently observed. A significant increase in the abundance of annual and perennial weeds was found in the tree rows as a result of improved water availability after a period of high precipitation.

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“…De internationale literatuurstudie leverde vier studies op waarin de (neven)effecten van mechanische onkruidbestrijding op regenwormen zijn vergeleken met (neven)effecten van andere vormen van onkruidbestrijding zoals gebruik van herbiciden, groenbemesters en mulching (Andersen et al, 2013;F. Faber, Wachter, & Zaller, 2017;Schreck, Gontier, Dumat, & Geret, 2012;Zaller et al, 2018).…”

Section: Regenwormenunclassified

“…Zo werd in een wijngaard geen verschil gevonden tussen schoffelen en onkruidbestrijding door herbiciden (Zaller et al, 2018) terwijl in een appelboomgaard eggen resulteerde in een lager aantal regenwormen dan bij toepassing van herbiciden (Andersen et al, 2013). In de wijngaard is onderzocht wat de impact van drie herbiciden (Katana (flazasulfuron), Basta 150 SL (glufosinaat) en Roundup (glyfosaat)) en mechanische onkruidbebeheersing (schoffelen) is op regenwormen.…”

Section: Regenwormenunclassified

“…Aantal, activiteit, biomassa en reproductie van regenwormen was niet verschillend tussen herbiciden en schoffelen (Zaller et al, 2018). In de appelboomgaard in Denemarken is onderzocht wat het effect van diverse onkruidbestrijdingsmethoden bij toepassing in de boomrij is op de boomgroei, 1 e -klasse appelopbrengst, regenwormen en flora (Andersen et al, 2013). Onkruid werd bestreden door herbiciden (Kerb 400SC en Roundup Bio), eggen, groenbemesters (gras, klaver of afrikaantjes), maaien, mulching (papierwol of koolzaadstro) en vergeleken met onbehandeld zonder onkruidbestrijding.…”

Section: Regenwormenunclassified

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Neveneffecten van niet-chemische onkruidbestrijding in de landbouw : Een literatuurstudie naar de (neven)effecten op drie groepen: bodemleven, insecten en broedsel

Rombout¹,

Rozen²,

Riemens³

2019

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Stichting Wageningen Research. Alle rechten voorbehouden. Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden verveelvoudigd, opgeslagen in een geautomatiseerd gegevensbestand, of openbaar gemaakt, in enige vorm of op enige wijze, hetzij elektronisch, mechanisch, door fotokopieën, opnamen of enige andere manier zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van Stichting Wageningen Research. Stichting Wageningen Research is niet aansprakelijk voor eventuele schadelijke gevolgen die kunnen ontstaan bij gebruik van gegevens uit deze uitgave.

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Alternatives to herbicides in an apple orchard, effects on yield, earthworms and plant diversity

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

Ecosystem services in orchards. A review

Ecosystem services in orchards. A review

The weed composition in an orchard as a result of long-term foliar herbicide application

Neveneffecten van niet-chemische onkruidbestrijding in de landbouw : Een literatuurstudie naar de (neven)effecten op drie groepen: bodemleven, insecten en broedsel

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