Alternatives to groundwater abstraction as a measure to stop land subsidence: a case study of Semarang, Indonesia

Beek, Wesley; Letitre, Bart; Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto; Sudarno, S.

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/201912501003

Cited by 4 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Groundwater is intensively used as it is relatively simple, constant, and easily accessible. According to Beek et al (2019) groundwater only requires a few treatment steps and does not need a distribution network, while other water sources such as surface water requires big water storage, and seawater is associated with high cost, as well as ecological threat due to its brine discharge. Moreover, although since 2018, there have been efforts to increase clean water provision in Semarang, including the construction of reservoirs in Manyaran and Kampung Ndesel Gunungpati, still, due to the low capacity for clean piped water supply, groundwater abstraction has become common practice in this region, especially in the industrial sector (Valentino, 2013).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the purpose of this study, it is assumed that the amount of abstracted groundwater is equal to industrial water demand (estimated in scenario 1, and 2) minus the amount of clean water supplied by the West Semarang piped water system and the East Semarang coastal reservoir. The registered historical groundwater abstraction rate is not used to project the groundwater abstraction rate, as this data does not take into account the unregistered abstraction that is still common in the study area (Beek et al, 2019).…”

Section: Groundwater Abstraction Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Cost-benefit analysis of mitigating subsidence damage in Semarang and Demak, Indonesia

Pratiwi¹,

Kok²,

Kaiser³

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Econ.

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Since the early 1990s, the coastal Semarang City in Indonesia has been undergoing rapid industrialization and population expansion. To meet growing water demand, groundwater is abstracted with an ever-increasing number of abstraction wells. This has led to lower groundwater tables in the largely unconsolidated substrate and this, in turn, causes land subsidence in the area. This has led to significant direct and indirect economic damage. In the context of limited public resources, this study aims to analyze the economic rationale of alternative (public) investment strategies to reduce subsidence impact in the Semarang-Demak region. With Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), three alternative strategies to replace groundwater abstraction wells are analyzed: (1) Installment of a piped clean water supply system with 1,000 L/s capacity, (2) a new 2 km2 coastal freshwater reservoir in West Semarang, (3) installment of a piped clean water supply system with 2,000 L/s capacity. All strategies have a positive (>1) benefit-cost ratio, which indicates that there is an economic rationale for investment to mitigate subsidence in Semarang and Demak. Under a low water demand scenario, the best strategy is strategy 1; under a high water demand scenario, the best strategy is strategy 3. As strategy 3 gives the highest economic benefit in the worst-case scenario, this is the most robust strategy.

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Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Groundwater Abstraction Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-benefit analysis of mitigating subsidence damage in Semarang and Demak, Indonesia

Pratiwi¹,

Kok²,

Kaiser³

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Econ.

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“…We would discuss it regarding human-induced problems that are exaggerating subsidence rates in Semarang; groundwater extraction and building loads. Groundwater extraction believed as the main problem causing land subsidence in Semarang [10,13,22,33]. Measures taken to oversee this is stipulated in SP Semarang article 35, that in nine districts of Semarang, the groundwater extraction should be restricted.…”

Section: Government Measures In Dealing With Land Subsidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In article 33-point b, there would be the development of freshwater source alternatives that came from rainwater harvesting and pipelines. Ideas of reusing water from treating industrial wastewater for domestic uses had shouted by [13] and had been proposed to the local government but had not mentioned in the SP. Reducing groundwater extraction had been mandated to increase city's resiliency [39].…”

Section: Government Measures In Dealing With Land Subsidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers so far concluded that groundwater extraction by industrial areas plays a leading role in exaggerating land subsidence rates [5,[10][11][12]. It happened as consequences from the inability of region's water supplier company to fulfill the city's need [13][14][15]. Besides, well digging has not being restricted due to the same problem, which enables domestic water consumers to add groundwater withdrawal amount.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do we care enough? revisiting land subsidence and coastal spatial planning policy in Semarang, Indonesia

et al. 2020

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Land subsidence is a common unsustainable pattern of land use on young sediment coasts worldwide, such as Semarang coastal area. The impact had already transformed its northeast area become permanently tidal flooded, damage in houses and streets, and economic loss. However, local government efforts are noticeably as band-aid measures, which can lead to further mismanagement in halting land subsidence. Given that, this research aimed to evaluate how the latest coastal spatial planning policy in Semarang responds to its geological hazards. This type of research is a content analysis of various spatial planning policy documents, coastal zoning plans, regional spatial planning, and strategic environmental assessment. The results show that, although land subsidence is already mentioned, no specific zoning plan or development programs were applied. Also, rather than creating more in-depth law in groundwater management or other activities that exaggerate land subsidence rates, the northeast shorelines’ structural measures are preferable. A key point of the result concluded that the local government should develop more strict laws in land subsidence to prevent more intense activities on land, together with vigorous law enforcement. Any structural measures should be planned and built effectively to avert more threatening problems to the regions.

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Destabilizing the science of soils: Geoscientists as spokespersons for land subsidence in Semarang, Indonesia

Belland,

Kooy,

Zwarteveen

2023

Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space

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In this article, we explore how land subsidence is scientifically known in the coastal city of Semarang, Indonesia. We do so to ask questions about how the authority of this scientific knowledge is or not effective to help slow down land subsidence? We examine the scientific methods used to measure where, and at what rate, subsidence occurs, and we inventory the theories mobilized to interpret and explain them. Our analysis shows how land subsidence resists being fully or unambiguously known; its science remains somewhat speculative. We explore how, in Semarang, but also more broadly, this makes it difficult for subsidence scientists to act as effective ‘spokespersons’ for subsidence; their predictions lack certainty and confidence. As we follow the subsidence debates in Semarang we document how subsidence scientists need the authority of science to speak convincingly to powerful elite coalitions of government agencies and private companies, who have vested interests in ignoring or denying their role in causing or accelerating subsidence. We identify this as one reason why subsidence scientists deploy great efforts to present themselves, and their science, as separate from politics and society, as detached and therefore objective. Beyond contributing to emergent discussions in science and technology studies about how science shapes underground politics, our analysis opens up and sheds new light on the question of how scientific facts become entangled with politics in societal controversies.

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Alternatives to groundwater abstraction as a measure to stop land subsidence: a case study of Semarang, Indonesia

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Cost-benefit analysis of mitigating subsidence damage in Semarang and Demak, Indonesia

Cost-benefit analysis of mitigating subsidence damage in Semarang and Demak, Indonesia

Do we care enough? revisiting land subsidence and coastal spatial planning policy in Semarang, Indonesia

Destabilizing the science of soils: Geoscientists as spokespersons for land subsidence in Semarang, Indonesia

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