Alternatives to census-based indicators of social disadvantage in rural communities

Higgs, Gary; White, Sean

doi:10.1016/s0305-9006(99)00021-5

Cited by 60 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Although this finding runs against the findings reported by Brand and Preston (2010) in the context of UK, this finding is, however, similar to that reported by other researchers (Frank et al 2000;Santos et al 2010;Wang et al 2014). Therefore, the decline in local services (both in public transport and local goods and services opportunities) in rural areas needs to be reversed even though it may require a greater subsidy (Banister 2008b;Higgs and White 2000;McDonagh 2006). The findings of this research, however, also demonstrate that rural people like to use local services if they are available, which would suggest that a temporary subsidised service can achieve financial viability in the long run (Department for Transport and Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive 2004).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Although the reduction in car use has been highlighted as a means to reduce CO 2 emissions from personal travel, the car is considered a lifeline for those living in rural areas due to the declining nature of both public transport services and locally available goods and services (Banister 2008b;Farrington et al 1998;Gray et al 2006;Higgs and White 2000;McDonagh 2006;Moseley 1979;Nutley 1985Nutley , 1986Shucksmith and Chapman 1998;Shucksmith and Philip 2000). In Northern Ireland (NI), for example, 78 % of individuals who live in urban areas have a bus stop within 6-min walking distance from their home in comparison with 49 % in rural areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the link between carbon dioxide emissions and transport-related social exclusion in rural Northern Ireland

Kamruzzaman

Hine

Yiğitcanlar

2015

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is considered the most harmful of the greenhouse gases. Despite policy efforts, transport is the only sector experiencing an increase in the level of CO 2 emissions and thereby possesses a major threat to sustainable development. In contrast, a reduced level of mobility has been associated with an increasing risk of being socially excluded. However, despite being the two key elements in transport policy, little effort has so far been made to investigate the links between CO 2 emissions and social exclusion. This research contributes to this gap by analysing data from 157 weekly activity-travel diaries collected in rural Northern Ireland. CO 2 emission levels were calculated using average speed models for different modes of transport. Regression analyses were then conducted to identify the socio-spatial patterns associated with these CO 2 emissions, mode choice behaviour, and patterns of participation in activities. This research found that despite emitting a higher level of CO 2 , groups in rural areas possess the risk of being socially excluded due to their higher levels of mobility.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the link between carbon dioxide emissions and transport-related social exclusion in rural Northern Ireland

Kamruzzaman

Hine

Yiğitcanlar

2015

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…For example, measures of distance and accessibility are rarely found in censuses but can be derived from maps of facilities, services and the transportation network (Higgs and White, 2000). Numerous efforts have been developed to provide measures of climate variability, topography or soil fertility (for some examples of broad-scale environmental information, see Antle, 1996, Jones and Thornton, 1999, CIAT, 2005, Hijmans et al, 2005.…”

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confidence: 99%

Methods, results and policy implications of poverty and food security mapping assessments

2005

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“…Three decades later when the term gained in significance in the development of policy, Cass et al [29] investigated the perceptions held by local authorities in the UK towards social exclusion and found somewhat inconsistent views; some authorities referred the term to specific groups (e.g., the poor), others used it to refer certain deprived areas. In the literature, the terms poverty, deprivation, and social exclusion have also often been used interchangeably [33][34][35]. Mernagh and Commins [36] highlighted the problems associated with misunderstanding new concepts like social exclusion because of its significant level of public usage and its importance to the development of policy in practice.…”

Section: Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measures of Transport-Related Social Exclusion: A Critical Review of the Literature

et al. 2016

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Quantitative measures of transport disadvantage are reviewed in this paper from the perspective of their effectiveness to investigate social exclusion. The effectiveness is assessed using criteria derived through a review of the concepts of transport disadvantage and social exclusion and their operationalisation. The specified criteria are related to issues of spatial (e.g., urban accessibility, and public transport accessibility), temporal (e.g., public transport availability, and facility opening hours), and social attributes of travel and activity participation (e.g., personal mobility, and disability). Four groups of transport disadvantage measures are identified and evaluated. These include deprivation-based measures, mobility-based measures, accessibility-based measures, and activity-based measures. The review suggests that although the first three categories of measures have traditionally been used to identify transport disadvantage, they do not satisfy issues surrounding activity participation-the key outcome of social exclusion. The activity space concept is a way in which these issues can be incorporated, as it is a measure of the outcomes of activity participation and their associated travel to that activity. Participation in an activity means that an individual has overcome the spatial, temporal and social barriers of travel for that activity. The research using the activity space concept has, however, inadequately identified individual travel and activity participation. This has been due to a separate application of a range of different indicators to assess activity space size. These indicators are by their nature multidimensional-e.g., area visited, distance travelled, and number of activity sites visited. Although each indicator represents a specific qualitative/quantitative aspect of travel and activity participation, researchers have treated these indicators in an isolated manner to identify transport disadvantage and consequently transport-related social exclusion. This paper identifies the weaknesses and strengths associated with these measures; and methods are directed to overcome the limitations.

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Alternatives to census-based indicators of social disadvantage in rural communities

Cited by 60 publications

References 32 publications

Investigating the link between carbon dioxide emissions and transport-related social exclusion in rural Northern Ireland

Investigating the link between carbon dioxide emissions and transport-related social exclusion in rural Northern Ireland

Methods, results and policy implications of poverty and food security mapping assessments

Measures of Transport-Related Social Exclusion: A Critical Review of the Literature

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