Alternative transportation fuels and air quality

Chang, Tai Yup; Hammerle, R. H.; Japar, Steven M.; Salmeen, Irving T.

doi:10.1021/es00019a001

Cited by 39 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…The important values to consider when determining the overall greenhouse impact of any fuel is the amount of CO2 produced per gallon, which will vary with the carbon content of the fuel, and the fuel economy of the vehicle (Chang et al, 1991). Although the alcohol fuels have less carbon content than the fossil fuels, they have lower energy content (see Table 5) and therefore require more fuel to travel the same distance (Gushee, 1992a(Gushee, , 1992b.…”

Section: Alcohol Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Absorption and Scattering Measurements: Field Measuremnets and Laboratory Characterizations.

Marley¹,

Gaffney²

2011

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A suite of instrumentation was deployed in MAX-Mex at site TO, located in the northern part of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, (MCMA), for the characterization of the aerosol optical properties in the field. Measurements were made of the following aerosol properties: (1) aerosol absorption as a function of wavelength, measured at two minute intervals with a 7-wavelength Aethalometer (2) aerosol scattering as a function of wavelength, measured at one minute intervals with a 3-wavelength nephelometer; 3) aerosol scattering as a function of relative humidity (RH), measured at one minute intervals with 2 single-wavelength nephelometers operated under dry (10% RH) and wet (80% RH) conditions; and 4) collection of sizefractionated aerosol samples on quartz fiber filters at 12 hour intervals (day/night) for further laboratory characterization. Aerosol filter samples were also collected at site Tl (located north of MCMA) for comparison with those collected in the city center. Preliminary results from in situ measurements have indicated an enhanced UV absorption in the afternoon over that expected from black carbon (BC) aerosols alone. These results are directly applicable to both modeling of aerosol radiative forcing and satellite optical depth retrieval algorithms. Both of these applications assume that the aerosol absorption is due only to BC with a wavelength dependence of A, " whereas results obtained in MAX-Mex show that the aerosol wavelength exponent varies over Mexico City from -0.7 to -1.5.All of the data collected in the field from the measurement sets 1-3 have been made available to the ASP community via the MILAGRO data site housed at NCAR. The laboratory characterization of aerosol samples collected in the ASP MAX-Mex field study compared results from Mexico City to samples collected at other sites, including Chicago, Little Rock, and Mt. Bachelor, OR. The project focused on obtaining complete spectral characterization of aerosolsespecially their absorption characteristics as they relate to basic chemical functional groups. Particular attention was given to organics and from biogenic derived organic compounds. This included determinations of the UV-Visible-NIR characteristics of the aerosol absorption as reported as Angstrom Absorption Exponents. Correlation of these results with IR band observations of carboxylic acid, and carboxylate groups were conducted, along with past correlations with carbon isotopic data that indicated significant enhancements of UV-Visible absorption from biogenic aerosols (both biomass burning and secondary organic aerosols). Relationships to other ASP ProjectsThis project collaborated with a number of currently funded ASP projects including research being conducted by Dr. W. Patrick Arnott at the University of Nevada, Reno. Dr. Arnott made use of photoacoustic spectroscopy and light scattering at one or two wavelengths to determine SSA of the aerosol. Comparison of the aethalometer data as well as MAAP instrumentation yielded good to excellent agreement between the instruments...

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Section: Alcohol Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Absorption and Scattering Measurements: Field Measuremnets and Laboratory Characterizations.

Marley¹,

Gaffney²

2011

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“…Maximum tolerated doses appear to simulate cell division (38), and there is growing evidence that induced cell division has a dominant role in carcinogenesis (39). This suggests that tests at maximum tolerated exposure provide little The impact of diesel and reformulated gasoline vehicles appear similar, and changes to current uncertainties could easily affect their relative environmental standing (40). Currently available data shows that diesel vehicles emit less nonmethane organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide than gasoline vehicles but more nitrogen oxides and PM than gasoline vehicles with state-of-the-art control systems (40).…”

Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that tests at maximum tolerated exposure provide little The impact of diesel and reformulated gasoline vehicles appear similar, and changes to current uncertainties could easily affect their relative environmental standing (40). Currently available data shows that diesel vehicles emit less nonmethane organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide than gasoline vehicles but more nitrogen oxides and PM than gasoline vehicles with state-of-the-art control systems (40). More data on current and future diesel vehicles is needed to assess the effect of diesel emissions on urban ozone formation, atmospheric particle concentrations, and attendant health risk.…”

Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on the potential development of environmentally acceptable light-duty diesel vehicles.

Hammerle

Schuetzle

Adams

1994

Environ Health Perspect

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Between 1979 and 1985, an international technical focus was placed upon potential human health effects associated with exposure to diesel emissions. A substantial data base was developed on the composition of diesel emissions; the fate of these emissions in the atmosphere; and the effects of whole particles and their chemical constituents on microorganisms, cells, and animals. Since that time, a number of significant developments have been made in diesel engine technology that require a new look at the future acceptability of introducing significant numbers of light-duty diesel automobiles into the European and American markets. Significant engineering improvements have been made in engine design, catalysts, and traps. As a result, particle emissions and particle associated organic emissions have been reduced by about 10 and 30 times, respectively, during the past 10 years. Research studies to help assess the environmental acceptability of these fuel-efficient engines include the development of an emissions data base for current and advanced diesel engines, the effect of diesel emissions on urban ozone formation and atmospheric particle concentrations, the effect of fuel composition, e.g., lower sulfur and additives on emissions, animal inhalation toxicology studies, and fundamental molecular biology studies. -Environ Health Perspect 1 02(Suppl 4): 25-30 (1994).

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“…I. Lowering the NO at constant VOC can x actualIy cause 0 3 to increase, at least initially, and at best is ineffective at lowering 0 3 , But now, lowering VOC at constant NO, will result in lower 0 ; the system is VOC-limited. Moreover, the 0~roduced is J scavenged by the NO as in reaction 8, and the N0 2, through reaction 9, competes with the VOC for the OH radicals needed for propagating the VOC oxidation (reaction I).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Vehicle VOC and NO_x Emissions from the Standpoint of the Tropospheric Ozone Problem

Pierson

1994

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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Abstract. Ozone is formed in and downwind of urban areas from urban emissions of NO, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight. The main sources of VOCs in polluted air are motor vehicles, industrial solvents, processes in the petroleum and chemical industries, and vegetation. The main NO, sources are stationary-source fuel combustion (mainly electric utilities) and motor vehicles. Recent studies have demonstrated that VOC emissions from motor vehicles have been seriously underestimated, and this may well explain why ambient 03 has not responded well to control efforts. This review presents an overview of the sources, formation, and potential abatement strategies for 03 pollution in the troposphere. with particular emphasis on the mobile source contribution to 03 formation.

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Alternative transportation fuels and air quality

Cited by 39 publications

References 10 publications

Aerosol Absorption and Scattering Measurements: Field Measuremnets and Laboratory Characterizations.

Aerosol Absorption and Scattering Measurements: Field Measuremnets and Laboratory Characterizations.

A perspective on the potential development of environmentally acceptable light-duty diesel vehicles.

On Vehicle VOC and NO_x Emissions from the Standpoint of the Tropospheric Ozone Problem

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Alternative transportation fuels and air quality

Cited by 39 publications

References 10 publications

Aerosol Absorption and Scattering Measurements: Field Measuremnets and Laboratory Characterizations.

Aerosol Absorption and Scattering Measurements: Field Measuremnets and Laboratory Characterizations.

A perspective on the potential development of environmentally acceptable light-duty diesel vehicles.

On Vehicle VOC and NOx Emissions from the Standpoint of the Tropospheric Ozone Problem

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

On Vehicle VOC and NO_x Emissions from the Standpoint of the Tropospheric Ozone Problem