Alternative states and positive feedbacks in restoration ecology

Suding, Katharine N.; Gross, Katherine L.; Houseman, Gregory R.

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2003.10.005

Cited by 1,361 publications

(1,259 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Removal of introduced species may alleviate their impact on resource competition above and below ground, but if their soil conditioning legacies continue, they may impede successful site restoration (Suding, Gross, & Houseman, 2004; Suding & Hobbs, 2009; Yelenik & Levine, 2010). Furthermore, recent studies establish the importance of genotypes and plant functional traits as strong influences on soil biota (van der Putten et al., 2013), and their effect on associated consumers, such as amphibians (Martin & Blossey, 2013a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil conditioning effects of Phragmites australis on native wetland plant seedling survival

Crocker

Nelson

Blossey

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Interactions between introduced plants and soils they colonize are central to invasive species success in many systems. Belowground biotic and abiotic changes can influence the success of introduced species as well as their native competitors. All plants alter soil properties after colonization but, in the case of many invasive plant species, it is unclear whether the strength and direction of these soil conditioning effects are due to plant traits, plant origin, or local population characteristics and site conditions in the invaded range. Phragmites australis in North America exists as a mix of populations of different evolutionary origin. Populations of endemic native Phragmites australis americanus are declining, while introduced European populations are important wetland invaders. We assessed soil conditioning effects of native and non‐native P. australis populations on early and late seedling survival of native and introduced wetland plants. We further used a soil biocide treatment to assess the role of soil fungi on seedling survival. Survival of seedlings in soils colonized by P. australis was either unaffected or negatively affected; no species showed improved survival in P. australis‐conditioned soils. Population of P. australis was a significant factor explaining the response of seedlings, but origin (native or non‐native) was not a significant factor. Synthesis: Our results highlight the importance of phylogenetic control when assessing impacts of invasive species to avoid conflating general plant traits with mechanisms of invasive success. Both native (noninvasive) and non‐native (invasive) P. australis populations reduced seedling survival of competing plant species. Because soil legacy effects of native and non‐native P. australis are similar, this study suggests that the close phylogenetic relationship between the two populations, and not the invasive status of introduced P. australis, is more relevant to their soil‐mediated impact on other plant species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil conditioning effects of Phragmites australis on native wetland plant seedling survival

Crocker

Nelson

Blossey

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Therefore, restoration should not prioritize a fixed successional trajectory to reach a final product of succession, but rather should aim to induce the process of succession to reach the final product of establishing multiple stable communities (Young et al, 2001). Hence, restoration methodologies should incorporate a variety of ecological perspectives and references in the practice of enabling restoration to be part of a continuous dynamic process, considering several critical constraints imposed by ecosystem dynamics such as catastrophic shifts, thresholds, and alternative stable states (Scheffer et al, 2001;Suding et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation in tropical ecological restoration

Reis

Bechara

Tres

2010

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

117

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Ecological theories of facilitation and nucleation are proposed as a basis for environmental restoration in tropical ecosystems. The main goal of this paper is to present restoration techniques based on the concept of nucleation, in which small nuclei of vegetation are established within a degraded land. The nucleation techniques (artificial shelters for animals, planting of herbaceous shrub life forms, soil and seed bank translocation, seed rain translocation, soil and seed rain translocation's seedling set, artificial perches, planting of native trees in groups, and ecological stepping-stones with functional groups) promote the landscape connectivity on two flows: inward: receiver connectivity and outward: donor connectivity. The nuclei development represents an alternative for restoration by prioritizing the natural processes of succession. This methodology appears to take long to generate vegetation corresponding to tropical climates, but is fundamental in the formation of communities capable of acting, in the future, as a new functional nuclei within the current fragmented landscape. This strategy also encourages greater integration between the theories and projects of ecological restoration for the development of human resources and to benefit the restoration practitioner. Key words: facilitation, succession, heterogeneity, landscape connectivity, degraded areas A Nucleação na restauração ecológica de ecossistemas tropicais RESUMO: As teorias ecológicas da facilitação e nucleação são propostas como base para a restauração ambiental de ecossistemas tropicais. Nesse "Ponto de Vista" apresentam-se técnicas de restauração fundamentadas no conceito de nucleação, onde pequenos núcleos de vegetação são implantados em uma área degradada. As técnicas de nucleação (abrigos artificiais para animais, plantio de espécies herbáceo-arbustivas, transposição de solo e banco de sementes, transposição de chuva de sementes, blocos de mudas procedentes de transposição de solo e chuva de sementes, poleiros artificiais, plantio de árvores nativas em grupos de Anderson, e trampolins ecológicos com grupos funcionais) promovem a conectividade da paisagem sob dois fluxos: interno: conectividade recebedora; e externo: conectividade doadora. O desenvolvimento dos núcleos representa uma alternativa de restauração que prioriza os processos de sucessão natural. A restauração através das técnicas de nucleação pode parecer muito lenta para atingir uma vegetação que corresponda ao clima tropical, porém representa uma base para a constituição de comunidades que, no futuro, poderão potencialmente atuar como novos núcleos funcionais dentro da atual paisagem fragmentada. Encoraja-se maior integração entre teorias ecológicas e projetos de restauração para desenvolvimento de recursos humanos e formação de restauradores ecológicos. Palavras-chave: facilitação, sucessão, heterogeneidade, conectividade da paisagem, áreas degradadas

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“…There has been a push to explore the implications of these studies on a larger scale and developing comprehensive tools for restoration ((Hobbs et al 1996, Suding et al 2004, PiekarskaStachowiak et al 2014. It has also been recognized that restoration ecology studies differ than more traditional ecology studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the use of statistics in studies of restoration ecology of arid areas

Noble

2014

Preprint

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Restoration ecology is the study of restoration or restoration practices in degraded areas. It is of particular importance in arid environments due to the heavy impact humans have had in these areas. Some studies of restoration may require different statistics due to the unique challenges faced when examining degraded areas. A systematic review was conducted to assess the use of statistics in the field. It was determined that the field and influence of restoration ecology had increased dramatically since its development. Statistics are widely used in the study of restoration of arid areas. Major tests are similar to those found in other ecological studies such as ANOVAs and linear regressions. There were a few less common tests used in some of the studies. These include tests such as the Mantel test which may be useful to restoration ecology and should be explored further. Finally it was determined that the description of how statistics were used in the study was particularly important. The description should be detailed to help other researchers understand the findings of the paper. This will help to advance the field and the restoration of arid environments.PeerJ PrePrints | http://dx.doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.551v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec:

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Alternative states and positive feedbacks in restoration ecology

Cited by 1,361 publications

References 60 publications

Soil conditioning effects of Phragmites australis on native wetland plant seedling survival

Soil conditioning effects of Phragmites australis on native wetland plant seedling survival

Nucleation in tropical ecological restoration

A systematic review of the use of statistics in studies of restoration ecology of arid areas

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