Alternative Splicing in Plant Immunity

Yang, Shengming; Tang, Fang; Zhu, Hongyan

doi:10.3390/ijms150610424

Cited by 107 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 136 publications

(197 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies indicate that AS is regulated by light and stresses [11,25,26,27]. The growth conditions under PH and GH vary considerably although both are optimal to plant growth.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of Gene Expression and Alternative Splicing to Distinct Growth Environments in Tomato

Wang

Weng

et al. 2017

IJMS

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Phenotypic plasticity is the phenomenon that one particular genotype produces different phenotypes under different environmental conditions, but its underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms are poorly understood. Plastic traits may be under the control of genes whose expression is modulated by environmental cues. In this study, we investigated phenotypic plasticity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and its ancestral species S. pimpinellifolium by comparing the global gene expression of young seedlings grown under two distinct growth conditions. Our results show that more than 7000 genes exhibited differential expression in response to environmental changes from phytotron to a plastic greenhouse, and 98 environmentally sensitive genes displayed the same patterns of expression response across the two tomato species. We also found that growth conditions had a remarkable impact on transcriptome complexity, attributable to alternative splicing (AS), in which 665 splice variants showed differential expression in response to the environmental changes. Moreover, more splice variants and AS events per gene were detected in plastic greenhouse-grown seedlings than their phytotron counterparts, and these seedlings also had higher percentages of intron retention events. The identification of the conserved environmentally-sensitive genes and the splice variants in this study will be useful for further analysis of gene regulation of environmental response in tomato and other crops.

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“…Previous studies indicate that AS is regulated by light and stresses [11,25,26,27]. The growth conditions under PH and GH vary considerably although both are optimal to plant growth.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternative splicing regulates many biological processes including plant response to changing environments [14,24,25,26,27,28]. Light is an energy resource for green plants, the adaptation of which to altered light conditions may cause massive changes in plant physiology [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Gene Expression and Alternative Splicing to Distinct Growth Environments in Tomato

Wang

Weng

et al. 2017

IJMS

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show abstract

“…7A). Feedback regulation via the production of alternatively spliced forms has emerged as an important layer of gene regulation in plants (Reddy et al, 2013;Staiger and Brown, 2013;Yang et al, 2014). The tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) disease resistance N gene confers resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV; Whitham et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative splicing of rice WRKY62 and WRKY76 transcription factor genes in pathogen defense

et al. 2016

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The WRKY family of transcription factors (TFs) functions as transcriptional activators or repressors in various signaling pathways. In this study, we discovered that OsWRKY62 and OsWRKY76, two genes of the WRKY IIa subfamily, undergo constitutive and inducible alternative splicing. The full-length OsWRKY62.1 and OsWRKY76.1 proteins formed homocomplexes and heterocomplexes, and the heterocomplex dominates in the nuclei when analyzed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Transgenic overexpression of OsWRKY62.1 and OsWRKY76.1 in rice (Oryza sativa) enhanced plant susceptibility to the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and the leaf blight bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, whereas RNA interference and loss-offunction knockout plants exhibited elevated resistance. The dsOW62/76 and knockout lines of OsWRKY62 and OsWRKY76 also showed greatly increased expression of defense-related genes and the accumulation of phytoalexins. The ratio of full-length versus truncated transcripts changed in dsOW62/76 plants as well as in response to pathogen infection. The short alternative OsWRKY62.2 and OsWRKY76.2 isoforms could interact with each other and with full-length proteins. OsWRKY62.2 showed a reduced repressor activity in planta, and two sequence determinants required for the repressor activity were identified in the amino terminus of OsWRKY62.1. The amino termini of OsWRKY62 and OsWRKY76 splice variants also showed reduced binding to the canonical W box motif. These results not only enhance our understanding of the DNA-binding property, the repressor sequence motifs, and the negative feedback regulation of the IIa subfamily of WRKYs but also provide evidence for alternative splicing of WRKY TFs during the plant defense response.

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“…In plants, this phenomenon has been very well studied, and changes in splicing have been implicated in adaptation to changes in photoperiod, temperature, salt stress, and disease resistance (Ding et al, 2014; Kwon et al, 2014; Yang et al, 2014). Alternative splicing has also been associated with pesticide resistance in several insect species (Fabrick et al, 2014; He et al, 2012; Xu et al, 2005) and has been widely linked to the adaptive resistance of multiple cancer types to chemotherapy and other treatments (Dehm, 2013; Krett et al, 2013; Sprenger and Plymate, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning of multiple ERα mRNA variants in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), and differential expression by tissue type, stage of reproduction, and estrogen exposure in fish from polluted and unpolluted environments

et al. 2015

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To test the hypothesis that alternative splicing could be an adaptive mechanism for populations subject to multi-generational estrogenic exposures, we compared estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) splicing variants in two populations of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus): one resident in an estrogenic polluted environment (New Bedford Harbor, NBH, MA, USA) and one from a relatively uncontaminated reference site (Scorton Creek, SC, MA, USA). In total we identified nineteen ERα variants, each with deletions of one or more coding exons. Four of the variants with potential functional relevance were analyzed by qPCR to test for population differences in expression by tissue type, site, sex, seasonal reproductive status and estrogen treatment. Significantly, a 5′-truncated short form variant (ERαS) was highly expressed in liver and ovary, and was associated with seasonal reproductive activity in SC but not NBH fish. Both ERαS and the full-length long variant (ERαL) were estrogen-inducible (ERαS > ERαL) but the induction response was lower in NBH than in SC fish. In contrast, NBH killifish were hyper-responsive to estrogen as measured by expression of two other estrogen responsive genes: vitellogenin (Vtg) and aromatase B (AroB). Most strikingly, two ERα deletion variants (Δ6 and Δ6–8), lacking ligand binding and activation function domains, were identified in a subset of NBH fish, where they were associated with reduced responsiveness to estrogen treatment. Together, these results support the hypothesis that alternative splicing of the esr1 gene of killifish could be an autoregulatory mechanism by which estrogen modulates the differential expression of ERα, and suggests a novel and adaptive mechanistic response to xenoestrogenic exposure.

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Alternative Splicing in Plant Immunity

Cited by 107 publications

References 136 publications

Response of Gene Expression and Alternative Splicing to Distinct Growth Environments in Tomato

Response of Gene Expression and Alternative Splicing to Distinct Growth Environments in Tomato

Alternative splicing of rice WRKY62 and WRKY76 transcription factor genes in pathogen defense

Cloning of multiple ERα mRNA variants in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), and differential expression by tissue type, stage of reproduction, and estrogen exposure in fish from polluted and unpolluted environments

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