Alternative Splicing and Its Roles in Plant Metabolism

Lam, Pui Ying; Wang, Lanxiang; Lo, Clive; Zhu, Fu Yuan

doi:10.3390/ijms23137355

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…The mechanism of pre-mRNA splicing and the process of splice site selection are fairly well understood and recent efforts have been directed toward the regulatory mechanism and function of splice variants [ 12 , 13 , 17 , 23 ]. For example, LlHSFA3B-III , a heat-induced splice variant of LlHSFA3B , has shown considerable tolerance to both salinity stress and prolonged heat treatment at 40 °C in transgenic Arabidopsis and N. benthamiana plants [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AS of eukaryotic transcripts is a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that enables cells to produce a large diversity of proteins from a limited number of genes, thus expanding the complexity of the proteome [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In plants, alternatively spliced genes are involved in a range of biological processes, including regulation of metabolic pathways, intracellular signal transduction, response to biotic and abiotic stresses and control of flowering time and circadian clocks [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. With the development of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology, the number of AS events found in higher plants has increased far beyond expectation [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alternative Splicing of TaHsfA2-7 Is Involved in the Improvement of Thermotolerance in Wheat

Zhang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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High temperature has severely affected plant growth and development, resulting in reduced production of crops worldwide, especially wheat. Alternative splicing (AS), a crucial post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism, is involved in the growth and development of eukaryotes and the adaptation to environmental changes. Previous transcriptome data suggested that heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) TaHsfA2-7 may form different transcripts by AS. However, it remains unclear whether this post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism of TaHsfA2-7 is related to thermotolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Here, we identified a novel splice variant, TaHsfA2-7-AS, which was induced by high temperature and played a positive role in thermotolerance regulation in wheat. Moreover, TaHsfA2-7-AS is predicted to encode a small truncated TaHsfA2-7 isoform, retaining only part of the DNA-binding domain (DBD). TaHsfA2-7-AS is constitutively expressed in various tissues of wheat. Notably, the expression level of TaHsfA2-7-AS is significantly up-regulated by heat shock (HS) during flowering and grain-filling stages in wheat. Further studies showed that TaHsfA2-7-AS was localized in the nucleus but lacked transcriptional activation activity. Ectopic expression of TaHsfA2-7-AS in yeast exhibited improved thermotolerance. Compared to non-transgenic plants, overexpression of TaHsfA2-7-AS in Arabidopsis results in enhanced tolerance to heat stress. Simultaneously, we also found that TaHsfA1 is directly involved in the transcriptional regulation of TaHsfA2-7 and TaHsfA2-7-AS. In summary, our findings demonstrate the function of TaHsfA2-7-AS splicing variant in response to heat stress and establish a link between regulatory mechanisms of AS and the improvement of thermotolerance in wheat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Splicing of TaHsfA2-7 Is Involved in the Improvement of Thermotolerance in Wheat

Zhang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…1A). Despite the tendency of intron-retaining mRNA to be degraded via NMD (de Lima Morais and Harrison, 2010), it is becoming more clear that AS increases protein diversity (Wright et al, 2022) and is engaged in vivid metabolisms (Lam et al, 2022). We found that CRE1 int7 accumulates upon cytokinin application and decreases in cytokinin biosynthesis mutants (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoy Receptor Fine-tunes Cytokinin Signaling

Králová

Kubalová

Hajný

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Hormone perception and signaling pathways play a fundamental regulatory function in cell growth, developmental, and physiological processes in both plant and animal systems. Those pathways are activated by hormone binding to the receptor to trigger cellular responses. Equally important are mechanisms that suppress activated transduction cascades to reset the system. Different mechanisms at the level of hormone biosynthesis and deactivation through degradation, conjugation, and production of repressors that attenuate transduction cascades downstream of receptors are known. In animal systems, decoy receptors have been identified as another important mechanism for fine-tuning the activity of the signaling pathways in processes like inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and blood vessel formation. Decoy receptors recognize and bind specific signaling molecules, but they cannot activate downstream signaling pathways thus providing competitive inhibition. Here we describe the first decoy receptor in plants. We show that the splicing variant ofCRE1/AHK4receptor of cytokinin, a hormone with a key role in the regulation of cell division and meristem maintenance in plants, acts as a decoy receptor to attenuate cytokinin signaling. We propose that this novel mechanism of signaling control applies in processes when modulation of CK signaling is needed.

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“…Alternative splicing is a well-known post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism of genes involved in plant metabolic pathways ( Lam et al., 2022 ). It could be a common mechanism used by plants to regulate the intracellular levels of AsA.…”

Section: Genetic Strategies For Regulation Of Asa Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and biochemical strategies for regulation of L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis in plants through the L-galactose pathway

Castro

Castro²,

Cobos³

2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, AsA) is an essential compound with pleiotropic functions in many organisms. Since its isolation in the last century, AsA has attracted the attention of the scientific community, allowing the discovery of the L-galactose pathway, which is the main pathway for AsA biosynthesis in plants. Thus, the aim of this review is to analyze the genetic and biochemical strategies employed by plant cells for regulating AsA biosynthesis through the L-galactose pathway. In this pathway, participates eight enzymes encoded by the genes PMI, PMM, GMP, GME, GGP, GPP, GDH, and GLDH. All these genes and their encoded enzymes have been well characterized, demonstrating their participation in AsA biosynthesis. Also, have described some genetic and biochemical strategies that allow its regulation. The genetic strategy includes regulation at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In the first one, it was demonstrated that the expression levels of the genes correlate directly with AsA content in the tissues/organs of the plants. Also, it was proved that these genes are light-induced because they have light-responsive promoter motifs (e.g., ATC, I-box, GT1 motif, etc.). In addition, were identified some transcription factors that function as activators (e.g., SlICE1, AtERF98, SlHZ24, etc.) or inactivators (e.g., SlL1L4, ABI4, SlNYYA10) regulate the transcription of these genes. In the second one, it was proved that some genes have alternative splicing events and could be a mechanism to control AsA biosynthesis. Also, it was demonstrated that a conserved cis-acting upstream open reading frame (5’-uORF) located in the 5’-untranslated region of the GGP gene induces its post-transcriptional repression. Among the biochemical strategies discovered is the control of the enzyme levels (usually by decreasing their quantities), control of the enzyme catalytic activity (by increasing or decreasing its activity), feedback inhibition of some enzymes (GME and GGP), subcellular compartmentation of AsA, the metabolon assembly of the enzymes, and control of AsA biosynthesis by electron flow. Together, the construction of this basic knowledge has been establishing the foundations for generating genetically improved varieties of fruits and vegetables enriched with AsA, commonly used in animal and human feed.

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Alternative Splicing and Its Roles in Plant Metabolism

Cited by 31 publications

References 178 publications

Alternative Splicing of TaHsfA2-7 Is Involved in the Improvement of Thermotolerance in Wheat

Alternative Splicing of TaHsfA2-7 Is Involved in the Improvement of Thermotolerance in Wheat

Decoy Receptor Fine-tunes Cytokinin Signaling

Genetic and biochemical strategies for regulation of L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis in plants through the L-galactose pathway

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