Alternative refrigerants in vapour compression refrigeration cycle for sustainable environment: a review of recent research

Abstract

Vapour compression refrigeration is used in almost 80 % of the refrigeration industries in the world for refrigeration, heating, ventilating and air conditioning. The high-grade energy consumption of these devices is very high and the working substance creates environmental problems due to environmental unfriendly refrigerants such as chloroflurocarbons, hydrochloroflurocarbons and hydroflurocarbons. Heating, ventilating, air conditioning and refrigeration industries are searching for ways to increase performance, durability of equipments and energy efficiency in a sustainable way while reducing the cost of manufacturing. With the present refrigerants, environmental problems such as ozone layer depletion, global warming potential, green house gases and carbon emission are increasing day by day. In this paper, the popular refrigerant is thoroughly studied experimentally and recommendations are given for alternatives such as carbon dioxide, ammonia and hydrocarbons and new artificially created fluid, HydroFluoro-Olefin 1234yf by DuPont and Honeywell which exhibit good thermo-physical and environmental properties and will be commercialized in the near future.

Mesoporous Fluorinated Metal–Organic Frameworks with Exceptional Adsorption of Fluorocarbons and CFCs

“…For liquid species,the flow of carrier gas was switched from pure N 2 to N 2 that was allowed to pass over areservoir containing the liquid guest of interest. [22] Taking perfluorohexane as an example (Figure 4), MOFF-5 adsorbs approximately 225 wt %o ft his analyte within seconds of being exposed to it. At room temperature,all of the examined guests can be removed completely and within minutes from the pores of MOFF-5 if vacuum is applied;t his removal occurs without loss of capacity.T he halogenated guests in Table 1a re of particular interest because of their high GWPs,w hich are hundreds to thousands of times more severe than that of CO 2 .…”

An experimental study on charge optimization of a trans-critical CO2 cycle

“…As a consequence, considerable research effort was devoted to the development of environmentally safe refrigeration systems using natural working fluids (Bhatkar et al 2013). CO 2 was considered as a promising alternative of HFCs.…”

Thermodynamic Modeling of the Use of Alkane Mixtures as Working Fluids in Absorption Cycles

“…A great number of research works involve heat‐operated refrigeration systems due to the important reduction of the environmental impact, such as the greenhouse effect caused by CO 2 emissions from combustion processes carried out mainly to supply energy as heat or steam to a huge number of industrial processes. However, during these processes, heat is lost into the surroundings and heat‐driven systems such as absorption machines have a great potential to recover it , thus reducing the conventional vapor compression refrigeration which is known to be greatly dependent on electrical energy , .…”