Alternative Protocol Using Imipramine, Detomidine, and Oxytocin for Semen Collection in Stallion with Ejaculatory Dysfunction

Cavalero, Thaís Mendes Sanches; Segabinazzi, Lorenzo G.T.M.; Scheeren, V.F.C.; Canuto, Lucas Emanuel Ferreira; Gobato, Mariana Luiza Mezzena; Papa, Frederico F.

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103205

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Repurposing existing drugs will lower the development costs and shorten the time frames to use them to treat various disease conditions [ 24 ]. Therefore, we chose imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant used for treating depression, also prescribed for off-label use in veterinary medicine [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. In this study, we demonstrated that imipramine exhibits dose-dependent antiviral activity against BTV-4, BTV-8, and BTV-16.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redirecting Imipramine against Bluetongue Virus Infection: Insights from a Genome-wide Haploid Screening Study

et al. 2022

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Bluetongue virus (BTV), an arbovirus of ruminants, is a causative agent of numerous epidemics around the world. Due to the emergence of novel reassortant BTV strains and new outbreaks, there is an unmet need for efficacious antivirals. In this study, we used an improved haploid screening platform to identify the relevant host factors for BTV infection. Our screening tool identified and validated the host factor Niemann–Pick C1 (NPC1), a lysosomal membrane protein that is involved in lysosomal cholesterol transport, as a critical factor in BTV infection. This finding prompted us to investigate the possibility of testing imipramine, an antidepressant drug known to inhibit NPC1 function by interfering with intracellular cholesterol trafficking. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity of BTV to imipramine using in vitro assays. Our results demonstrate that imipramine pretreatment inhibited in vitro replication and progeny release of BTV-4, BTV-8, and BTV-16. Collectively, our findings highlight the importance of NPC1 for BTV infection and recommend the reprofiling of imipramine as a potential antiviral drug against BTV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redirecting Imipramine against Bluetongue Virus Infection: Insights from a Genome-wide Haploid Screening Study

et al. 2022

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“…On the other hand, a highly selective α2-agonist (dexmedetomidine) increased the total sperm number in UC in cats [ 40 ]. Detomidine and xylazine, which are other α2-agonists, were used for pharmacological semen collection from stallions in combination with imipramine and oxytocin [ 5 , 47 ]. The sympathetic effect of imipramine [ 15 , 36 ] and promotion of sperm fluid from the epididymis with oxytocin [ 32 ] may assist semen collection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semen collection by urethral catheterization and electro-ejaculation with different voltages, and the effect of holding temperature and cooling rate before cryopreservation on semen quality in the Japanese macaque (<i>Macaca fuscata</i>)

et al. 2022

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“…However, when administered in combination with oxytocin (20 IU intravenously) or imipramine (3 mg/kg orally) and oxytocin (20 IU intravenously), ejaculation was reported in two out of 24 attempts (8.3%) and seven out of 24 trials (29%), respectively. The combination of imipramine, detomidine, and oxytocin was also reported to be effective in a 7-year-old Quarter Horse stallion with ejaculatory dysfunction ( 4 ). Detomidine alone was reported to be effective in causing ex copula ejaculations in a 4-year-old pony stallion ( 17 ).…”

Section: Pharmacologically Induced Ex Copula Ejaculation In Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmacologically induced ex copula ejaculation is an alternative method of semen collection used in stallions with musculoskeletal, neurological, or behavioral abnormalities that preclude the physical act of mounting and copulation or interfere with erection and ejaculation. Documented clinical examples include stallions with lameness ( 1 ), disability due to multiple causes including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiac disease, and chronic musculoskeletal disease of the forelimbs ( 2 ), paraphimosis and erectile dysfunction ( 3 ), idiopathic ejaculatory dysfunction ( 4 ) and ejaculatory failure associated with aortic-iliac thrombosis ( 5 ). Several research studies have been conducted in the past to evaluate different pharmacological protocols for inducing ejaculation in stallions and this topic continues to be an area of active research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacologically Induced Ex Copula Ejaculation in Horses and Donkeys

2021

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Pharmacologically induced ex copula ejaculation is a method used for collection of semen when the traditional methods of semen collection are not feasible. Common indications for this method include health issues that either preclude the physical act of mating or result in impaired erection and ejaculation. The method also offers an alternative when there is a lack of equipment and facilities required for semen collection using the conventional artificial vagina method. A variety of pharmacological protocols for ex copula ejaculation in stallions have been evaluated in both research and clinical settings with no serious side-effects reported. In general, these protocols included tricyclic antidepressants, alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, and smooth muscle stimulators, either individually or in combination. Although there is a lot of variation in the ejaculatory rates among studies, a combination of imipramine and xylazine appears to be an effective option for inducing ejaculation in stallions. In cases where this protocol is not successful, collections should be reattempted using a combination of imipramine, detomidine, and oxytocin. Regardless of the protocol used, a quiet environment with minimal disturbance is associated with a better outcome. In contrast to the body of literature available on pharmacologically induced ex copula ejaculation in horses, only a few studies have been published so far on this topic in donkeys. Further studies are warranted to investigate whether pharmacologically induced ex copula ejaculation is an effective method of semen collection in jacks and to compare different pharmacological protocols for inducing ejaculation in jacks.

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Alternative Protocol Using Imipramine, Detomidine, and Oxytocin for Semen Collection in Stallion with Ejaculatory Dysfunction

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Redirecting Imipramine against Bluetongue Virus Infection: Insights from a Genome-wide Haploid Screening Study

Redirecting Imipramine against Bluetongue Virus Infection: Insights from a Genome-wide Haploid Screening Study

Semen collection by urethral catheterization and electro-ejaculation with different voltages, and the effect of holding temperature and cooling rate before cryopreservation on semen quality in the Japanese macaque (<i>Macaca fuscata</i>)

Pharmacologically Induced Ex Copula Ejaculation in Horses and Donkeys

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