Alternative mode of presentation of Kanizsa figures sheds new light on the chronometry of the mechanisms underlying the perception of illusory figures

Brodeur, Mathieu B.; Leporé, Franco; Lepage, Martín; Bacon, Benoît A.; Jemel, Boutheina; Debruille, J. Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.10.001

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Advances in signal analysis and source reconstruction have allowed these methods to provide not only correlates of sensory-perceptual phenomena, but also information regarding putative spatio-temporal brain mechanisms ( [20][21][22][23] Independent series of studies by a number of laboratories have focused on the question of when and where IC sensitivity first manifested (Figure 3). Murray et al [25] found that sensitivity to Kanizsa-type ICs onsets at ~90ms post-stimulus onset (see also [33] for initial evidence for such timing and [34] for an alternative paradigm yielding similar results), lagged ERP onset by ~40ms, and is localized first to the LOC (Figure 2). This "IC effect" has been shown to be an amplitude rather than a topographic modulation of the ERP that is superimposed upon the so-called N170 component [28]( [8,[35][36][37][38]), which is a peak of the visual evoked potential at ~150-200ms with a negative distribution of the parieto-occipital scalp with predominant sources within ventral and lateral occipital cortices.…”

Section: Electroencephalography and Magnetoencephalographymentioning

confidence: 88%

Illusory contours: a window onto the neurophysiology of constructing perception

Murray

Herrmann

2013

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

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Abstract:Seeing seems effortless, despite needing to segregate and integrate visual information that varies in its quality, quantity, and location. The extent to which seeing passively recapitulates the external world is challenged by phenomena such as illusory contours, an example of visual completion whereby borders are perceived despite their physical absence in the image. Instead, visual completion and seeing are increasingly conceived as active processes, dependent on information exchange across neural populations. How this is instantiated in the brain remains controversial. Divergent models emanate from single-unit and population-level electrophysiology, neuroimaging, and neurostimulation studies. We reconcile discrepant findings from different methods and disciplines, and underscore the importance of taking into account spatio-temporal brain dynamics in generating models of brain function and perception. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation 1 Highlights Illusory contours exemplify core challenges for perception and binding  Competing models stem from diverse neurophysiologic metrics in animals and humans  Consideration of spatio-temporal brain dynamics reconciles these differences 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 2 AbstractSeeing seems effortless, despite needing to segregate and integrate visual information that varies in its quality, quantity, and location. The extent to which seeing passively recapitulates the external world is challenged by phenomena such as illusory contours, an example of visual completion whereby borders are perceived despite their physical absence in the image.Instead, visual completion and seeing are increasingly conceived as active processes, dependent on information exchange across neural populations. How this is instantiated in the brain remains controversial. Divergent models emanate from single-unit and population-level electrophysiology, neuroimaging, and neurostimulation studies. We reconcile discrepant findings from different methods and disciplines, and underscore the importance of taking into account spatio-temporal brain dynamics in generating models of brain function and perception. KeywordsVisual perception; perceptual completion; binding; object recognition; illusory contour; neuroimaging 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 In what follows, we provide a review of these developments as they pertain to Single-unit StudiesPsychology differentiates sensation from perception (Box 1). Sensation reflects the neural representation of physical properties of stimuli, whereas perception refers to consci...

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Section: Electroencephalography and Magnetoencephalographymentioning

confidence: 88%

Illusory contours: a window onto the neurophysiology of constructing perception

Murray

Herrmann

2013

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

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“…If incompleteness alone was responsible for the N250, no difference would have been observed between the occluded and nonoccluded conditions, because they were both incomplete. In fact, the evidence indicates that completion of easily identifiable objects, such as this white square, is processed earlier than the N250, over the N1 or even the P1 (Brodeur, Lepore, et al, 2008;Murray, Foxe, Javitt, & Foxe, 2004;Pegna, Khateb, Murray, Landis, & Michel, 2002).…”

Section: N250 and Occlusion Processingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Event-related potentials to overlapping shapes: Effects of saliency and interference

Brodeur

Leporé

Bacon

et al. 2010

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics

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Visual perception is often challenged by various difficulties that act concomitantly and whose respective impacts may therefore be hard to distinguish. We used event-related potentials to dissociate the impact of target saliency, generated by occlusion, from that of interference produced by incongruent nontargets. In one block, the target (a square) partially occluded another square tilted by 45º. This nontarget square interfered only to a small extent with target perception. In another block, the target was the occluded stimulus, and interference from the nontarget was substantial. Blocks including two kinds of overlapping shapes (a cross and a square) were added to control for the interference effect. Block comparisons revealed that occlusion modulated an occipital N250 and reaction times. In contrast, interference modulated a parietal N380 but not reaction times. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 2010, 72 (6) a cross, and a square over a square tilted by 45º. Three additional stimuli were created by tilting each of these stimuli by 45º. The stimuli with interference were the stimuli with two squares. They will be referred to as the same-shape stimuli. The noninterfering stimuli were the stimuli with a cross. They will be designated as the different-shape stimuli. The stimuli were inlaid in a black annulus used to create a condition in Brodeur, Lepore, Bacon, and Debruille (2009). It was preserved here to make the results of the present study comparable to those of the previous one.

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“…In a very recent visual evoked potential (VEP) study using the notch mode of presentation, we have found a modulation of the P1 that was interpreted as being related to the perception of illusory figures [2]. In the classic mode of presentation, modulations of VEPs to illusory figures can begin early but they usually peak around the N1, the negative deflection that follows the P1 [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In the classic mode of presentation, modulations of VEPs to illusory figures can begin early but they usually peak around the N1, the negative deflection that follows the P1 [5]. The notch mode of presentation also induces an N1 modulation but in contrast to the greater N1 to illusory figures reported with the classic mode [5]–[11], the N1 is rather greater for the control figure [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In this “classic” mode of presentation, both the inducers and the notches that delineate the illusory figures appear and disappear in synchrony. Recent studies, however, have shown that the perception of illusory figures could be potentiated by the use of an alternative mode of presentation in which notches and inducers are temporally dissociated [2]–[4]. In one such mode of presentation, identified as the “notch” mode, disk-shaped inducers remain on screen at all times and the notches that delineate the illusory squares appear at stimulus onset and disappear at stimulus offset.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Functional Significance of the P1 and N1 Effects to Illusory Figures in the Notch Mode of Presentation

et al. 2008

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The processing of Kanizsa figures have classically been studied by flashing the full “pacmen” inducers at stimulus onset. A recent study, however, has shown that it is advantageous to present illusory figures in the “notch” mode of presentation, that is by leaving the round inducers on screen at all times and by removing the inward-oriented notches delineating the illusory figure at stimulus onset. Indeed, using the notch mode of presentation, novel P1and N1 effects have been found when comparing visual potentials (VEPs) evoked by an illusory figure and the VEPs to a control figure whose onset corresponds to the removal of outward-oriented notches, which prevents their integration into one delineated form. In Experiment 1, we replicated these findings, the illusory figure was found to evoke a larger P1 and a smaller N1 than its control. In Experiment 2, real grey squares were placed over the notches so that one condition, that with inward-oriented notches, shows a large central grey square and the other condition, that with outward-oriented notches, shows four unconnected smaller grey squares. In response to these “real” figures, no P1 effect was found but a N1 effect comparable to the one obtained with illusory figures was observed. Taken together, these results suggest that the P1 effect observed with illusory figures is likely specific to the processing of the illusory features of the figures. Conversely, the fact that the N1 effect was also obtained with real figures indicates that this effect may be due to more global processes related to depth segmentation or surface/object perception.

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Alternative mode of presentation of Kanizsa figures sheds new light on the chronometry of the mechanisms underlying the perception of illusory figures

Cited by 18 publications

References 87 publications

Illusory contours: a window onto the neurophysiology of constructing perception

Illusory contours: a window onto the neurophysiology of constructing perception

Event-related potentials to overlapping shapes: Effects of saliency and interference

On the Functional Significance of the P1 and N1 Effects to Illusory Figures in the Notch Mode of Presentation

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