Alternative Metrics for Comparing Domestic Climate Change Mitigation Efforts           and the Emerging International Climate Policy Architecture

Aldy, Joseph E.; Pizer, William A.

doi:10.1093/reep/rev013

Cited by 78 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…These can be central in the policy debates about how much nations are willing to spend to address climate change, as well as how such resources can be deployed most efficiently. However, the models rest on a huge number of assumptions about the design and implementation of policies, the availability of technologies and the structure of the economy that affect projected costs manyfold 1,2,9 . Ground truth will improve such models and help scientists and governments to reveal the true costs and benefits of action.…”

Section: Slow Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prove Paris was more than paper promises

Victor

Akimoto

Kaya

et al. 2017

Nature

132

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Section: Slow Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agreeing the correct indicators and standards for pledges will be impossible in the formal UN-based Paris framework because too many countries do not want candour 2,9 . One solution is for countries to volunteer to issue fresh pledges and to submit to detailed reviews of each other's policy efforts.…”

Section: Fast Trackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prove Paris was more than paper promises

Victor

Akimoto

Kaya

et al. 2017

Nature

132

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“…We consider metrics-physical and economic outcomes such as emissions, prices, and aggregate economic activity-that are comprehensive, measurable and replicable, and universal 2,3 . No single metric satisfies all three principles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The implementation of the INDCs was carried out via emissions caps on the total regional level of GHG, with the exception of China, where the limit was established only for CO 2 as in the INDC. The reference case used was the SSP2 with business as usual (BAU) future projection, except when the BAU level was explicit in the INDC.…”

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confidence: 99%

Economic tools to promote transparency and comparability in the Paris Agreement

et al. 2016

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The Paris Agreement culminates a six-year transition towards an international climate policy architecture based on parties submitting national pledges every five years 1 . An important policy task will be to assess and compare these contributions 2,3 . We use four integrated assessment models to produce metrics of Paris Agreement pledges, and show di erentiated e ort across countries: wealthier countries pledge to undertake greater emission reductions with higher costs. The pledges fall in the lower end of the distributions of the social cost of carbon and the cost-minimizing path to limiting warming to 2 • C, suggesting insu cient global ambition in light of leaders' climate goals. Countries' marginal abatement costs vary by two orders of magnitude, illustrating that large e ciency gains are available through joint mitigation e orts and/or carbon price coordination. Marginal costs rise almost proportionally with income, but full policy costs reveal more complex regional patterns due to terms of trade e ects.The pledge and review approach formalized in the Paris Agreement requires a well-functioning transparency regime. Given the discretion left with national governments on the form of their mitigation pledges, or Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), assessments are necessary to estimate and compare their impacts. Such comparisons will be of interest to environmental stakeholders who want to pressure those countries with relatively modest mitigation contributions. Business stakeholders may focus on assessments of INDCs' economic impacts, specifically energy price and cost impacts among trade partners.Beyond stakeholder interest, transparency and comparability can promote the stability and facilitate greater ambition of an international climate agreement. Transparent reviews serve to enhance the credibility and likelihood that a party will deliver on its announced pledge, especially with repeating rounds of pledge and review [4][5][6] . Assessments of pledges reveal countries' preferences and interests 1 , enabling more-informed negotiations. International institutions to facilitate transparency-through the collection, analysis and dissemination of information on countries' pledges-can lower the costs of international agreements and enhance their legitimacy 7 . Voluntary pledge and review can result in broad participation 8,9 , as evident in the Paris Agreement. In various contexts, including international trade and common pool resource management, the demonstration of reciprocal actions has resulted in fewer deviations from agreements and positive reactions by members of the agreement 10 .The long-term success of the Paris Agreement is likely to depend on assessments of whether comparable countries undertake comparable mitigation efforts. Such assessments are complicated by the variation in the form of pledges: targets specified in terms of a base year, a forecast, or emissions intensity; peaking year; renewable energy goals; and so on. Evaluating the comparability of mitigation effort highlight...

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“…Aldy and Pizer (2015) describe four principles that might motivate the choice of metrics for mitigation effort -and comparison of effort across countries. First, an ideal metric would comprehensively represent the entire mitigation effort of a country.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Metrics for Comparing Domestic Climate Change Mitigation Efforts and the Emerging International Climate Policy Architecture

Cited by 78 publications

References 26 publications

Prove Paris was more than paper promises

Prove Paris was more than paper promises

Economic tools to promote transparency and comparability in the Paris Agreement

Evaluating Mitigation Effort: Tools and Institutions for Assessing Nationally Determined Contributions

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