Alternative method for assessment of southwestern Atlantic humpback whale population status

Abstract

The population of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) wintering off eastern South America was exploited by commercial whaling almost to the point of extinction in the mid-twentieth century. Since cessation of whaling in the 1970s it is recovering, but the timing and level of recovery is uncertain. We implemented a Bayesian population dynamics model describing the population’s trajectory from 1901 and projecting it to 2040 to revise a previous population status assessment that used Sampling-Importance-Resampling in a Bayesian framework. Using our alternative method for model fitting (Markov chain Monte Carlo), which is more widely accessible to ecologists, we replicate a “base case scenario” to verify the effect on model results, and introduce additional data to update the status assessment. Our approach allowed us to widen the previous informative prior on carrying capacity to better reflect scientific uncertainty around historical population levels. The updated model provided more precise estimates for population sizes over the period considered (1901–2040) and suggests that carrying capacity (K: median 22,882, mean 22,948, 95% credible interval [CI] 22,711–23,545) and minimum population size (N1958: median 305, mean 319, 95% CI 271–444) might be lower than previously estimated (K: median 24,558, mean 25,110, 95% CI 22,791–31,118; N1958: median 503, mean 850, 95% CI 159–3,943). However, posterior 95% credible intervals of parameters in the updated model overlap those of the previous study. Our approach provides an accessible framework for investigating the status of depleted animal populations for which information is available on historical mortality (e.g., catches) and intermittent estimates of population size and/or trend.

A review of post-whaling abundance, trends, changes in distribution and migration patterns, and supplementary feeding of Southern Hemisphere humpback whales

“…Following up, Zerbini et al (2019) developed models based on results from Bortolotto et al (2017) and estimated the stock size as 24,900 individuals in 2019 (95% PI = 22,400-27,000), indicating a recovery of approximately 93% of the pre-exploitation levels. Later on, Bortolotto et al (2021) run an updated model and provided precise estimates for the stock in 2019, with 21,878 (95% CI = 21,377-22,285) individuals.…”

Development of a new control rule for managing anthropogenic removals of protected, endangered or threatened species in marine ecosystems

“…To partly address these challenges and knowledge gaps, we investigated also CO tMNPL where tMNPL stands for ‘theoretical Maximum Net Productivity Level’, defined as a population experiencing density-dependence being above its Maximum Net Productivity Level (MNPL), which is thought to be 60% of carrying capacity for marine mammals ( Taylor & Demaster, 1993 ; Zerbini et al, 2011 ; Guilherme et al, 2021 ). CO tMNPL lowers the target, time horizon and risk compared to CO OMMEG .…”

Whales and climate

“…Following up, Zerbini et al (2019) developed models based on results from Bortolotto et al (2017) and estimated the stock size as 24,900 individuals in 2019 (95% PI = 22,400-27,000), indicating a recovery of approximately 93% of the pre-exploitation levels. Later on, Bortolotto et al (2021) run an updated model and provided precise estimates for the stock in 2019, with 21,878 (95% CI = 21,377-22,285) individuals.…”