Alternative green preparation of mesoporous calcium hydroxyapatite by chemical reaction of eggshell and phosphoric acid

Abstract

Eggshell is a rich source of CaCO3 with a high purity content of more than 96.35% w/w and a potential raw material for calcium hydroxyapatite preparation. Mesoporous and nano‐particulate calcium hydroxyapatite was prepared from duck eggshell from the chemical reaction with phosphoric acid followed by the calcinations at 800, 900, and 1000°C for 2 hours. The optimum condition to obtain the high purity calcium hydroxyapatite was by sintering calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 at 1000°C for 2 hours. The average particle size, pore diameter, specific surface, and true density of the sample sintered at 1000°C for 2 hours were 101.93 ± 12.15 nm, 98.96 Å, 2.12 m2/g, and 3.02 g/cm3, respectively, appearing as a soft fine powder with a white color. The raw duck eggshell is a potential candidate as a bio‐ceramic material to prepare calcium hydroxyapatite suitable for use in various bio‐applications such as bone tissue engineering, drug and gene delivery, remineralizing agent in toothpaste, and bone void fillers for orthopedic and restoration.

Eggshell as a biomaterial can have a sorption capability on its surface: A spectroscopic research

“…The use of natural materials like eggshell to protect the ecosystem from pollutants has been a subject of great interest for years. While it is used in nanocoating [3,4], on the one hand, it is also used in the pharmaceutical industry due to its strengthening effects on bone, tooth and cartilage structure after some synthesis work due to the percentage excess of CaCO 3 content [5][6][7][8][9]. On the other hand, removal of some toxic chemicals has also been investigated through some studies [10][11][12].…”

The preparation of calcium phosphate adsorbent from natural calcium resource and its application for copper ion removal

“…Adaptation of such agricultural wastes as fish bones (Ratna Sunil and Jagannatham 2016), poultry bones, e.g. turkey (Esmaeilkhanian et al 2019) and mammalian bones such as bovine or porcine (Londoño-Restrepo et al 2019), corals (Rocha et al 2005), sea shells (Karunakaran et al 2019), plants (Wan et al 2006) or eggshells (Samina and Ashan 2008;Goloshchapov et al 2013;Sajahan et al 2014;Bag et al 2016;Adeogun et al 2018;Azis et al 2018;Tangboriboon et al 2019) can result in a double benefit: organic waste utilization and production of attractive material with a wide list of possible applications. However, a majority of these methods require heat treatment for the decomposition of naturally occurring calcium carbonate into calcium oxide and water.…”

Bio‐cellular glass–ceramic composite with embedded calcium phosphate from eggshell for alternative biomaterials in medical and dental applications

“…While almost eggshell is composed of CaCO 3 , magnesium carbonate, sodium oxide, phosphorus oxide, strontium oxide, and others. In addition, when the eggshell reacted to phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) and the mixture was fired at 1000°C for 2 h, the obtained chemical composition composed of 91.92 wt% CaO and 8.08 wt% P 2 O 5 in terms of calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite (HA) 19 . CaCO 3 is multifunctional and can be used as a filler, foaming agent, flux or sintering aid, and starting material.…”